{"id":83965,"date":"2017-10-03T01:11:50","date_gmt":"2017-10-03T01:11:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=83965"},"modified":"2019-02-07T12:29:18","modified_gmt":"2019-02-07T12:29:18","slug":"%d8%a8%db%90-%d9%88%d8%a7%da%a9-%d8%ba%da%96%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%86%d9%86%d9%bc%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d9%84%db%8c%da%a9%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=83965","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 (\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647) \/ \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u067e\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u06ab \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0696\u06cc\u0632 \u063a\u0693\u064a \u06cc\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u00a0\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u00a0\u0689\u06cc\u0631 \u00a0\u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u00a0\u06cc\u0627 \u00a0\u0646\u069a\u062a\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06d0 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u06cc\u0627<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u00a0\u062f \u00a0\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u06ab \u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u00a0\u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u069a\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u064a. \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0685\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0685\u067e\u06d0 \u00a0\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u00a0\u0646\u0647 \u00a0\u06ab\u0631\u0681\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u062f \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u06f1:- \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u06f2:- \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\n

\n

\u06f1:- \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647 <\/strong>Palmanic Consonant <\/strong>\u00a0:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062d\u0646\u062c\u0631\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u062f \u062c\u0648\u0641 \u062f \u062a\u0646\u06ab\u069a\u062a \u00a0\u0686\u06d0 \u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u00a0\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u0633\u0696\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0681\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>: \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06ab \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/strong> Coarticulation <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u062f\u06d0 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u00a0\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u00a0\u00a0\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u00a0\u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06ab\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0647. \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0696 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u00a0\u063a\u0628\u0631\u06ab \u00a0\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u00a0\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c \u0644\u0631\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 (\u0648)\u00a0 [w]\u00a0 \u062f\u06cc :- \u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u0648 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06ab \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u00a0\u06cc\u0648 \u00a0\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u064a\u06d0 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u062f\u06cc. \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u00a0\u062f\u06cc . \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0696\u0646 \u062f\u06cc . \u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u063a\u0696\u0646 \u0648\u067e\u064a\u0698\u0646\u0648:-<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u063a\u0696\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u063a\u0693\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u06cc\u0696\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

1:- \u063a\u0696\u0646 :-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u06ab \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u063a\u0627\u0693\u06d0 \u00a0\u06cc\u0627 \u00a0\u0645\u0631\u06cd \u00a0\u063a\u0696\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0693\u0632\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u00a0\u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u00a0\u06a9\u06d0 \u00a0( \u0627\u060c \u063a\u060c \u0628\u060c \u062f\u060c \u0630\u060c \u0645\u060c \u0646\u060c \u062c\u060c \u0681\u060c \u0689\u060c \u0698\u060c \u0632\u060c\u0644 ) \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

2:- \u0646\u0627\u063a\u0696\u0646 :- <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u06ab \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u063a\u0627\u0693\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u00a0\u0645\u0631\u06cd \u00a0\u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0693\u0632\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u00a0\u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u00a0\u0698\u0628\u0647 \u00a0\u06a9\u06d0 \u00a0( \u06a9\u060c \u0641\u060c \u067e\u060c \u062a\u060c \u062b\u060c \u0686\u060c \u0685\u060c \u0633\u060c \u069a\u060c \u067c ) \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u200c\u200cB<\/strong>:- \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u069a\u0644\u064a<\/strong>Affricates<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u00a0\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u00a0\u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u00a0\u0686\u06d0 \u00a0\u062f \u00a0\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u00a0\u0648\u062e\u062a \u00a0\u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0634\u064a \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u0646\u06cd \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0681\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u069a\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0685:-\u02a6 \u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u06d0 \u063a\u0696\u0647 \u00ab \u0646\u0627\u063a\u0696\u0646\u00bb \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u069a\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0681:- \u02a3 \u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u063a\u0696\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u069a\u0644\u06cc<\/p>\n

\u0686:- \u02a7 \u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u06d0 \u063a\u0696\u0647 \u00ab \u0646\u0627\u063a\u0696\u0646 \u00bb \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u069a\u0644\u06cc<\/p>\n

\u062c:\u0640 \u02a4 \u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u063a\u0696\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u069a\u0644\u06cc<\/p>\n

\n

\n

\u0628\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0685\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u06cc\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0647 \u0634\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0685\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u06cc\u0693\u0646\u0647\u00a0 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0\u00a0 \u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u00a0 \u0634\u064a\u00a0\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u06cc\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641 :- \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0681\u0627\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n

(place of Articulation)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u06f1:- \u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0632 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689\u0648\u00a0 \u062f\u00a0 \u06cc\u0648\u00a0 \u0681\u0627\u06cc\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00a0 \u0685\u062e\u0647\u00a0 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u00a0 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u062f\u0627 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: (\u067e) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (p) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u00a0: \u00a0(\u067e\u0627\u06cc) \u00a0\u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u00a0\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(p\u00e3y).<\/p>\n

\u0628: (\u0628) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (B) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 :\u00a0 ( \u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0647 )\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Bid\u0259).<\/p>\n

\u062c: (\u0645) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (M) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u00a0 \u067e\u0647\u00a0 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647\u00a0 \u06a9\u06d0\u00a0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 :\u00a0 (\u0645\u0648\u0631)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (M\u00e3r).<\/p>\n

\n

\u06f2:- \u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689 \u063a\u0627\u069a\u06cc\u0632<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0631\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u069a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u069a\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u00a0\u0686\u06d0 \u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689 \u063a\u0627\u069a\u06cc\u0632 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0627 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0647 \u00a0\u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u00a0\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u00a0\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: (\u0641) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (F) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 :\u00a0 (\u0646\u0641\u0631)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (n\u0259far)<\/p>\n

\u0628: (\u0648\u064a) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (v) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0\u00a0 :\u00a0 (very)\u00a0\u00a0 \u062f\u00a0 \u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 (veri) .<\/p>\n

\n

\u06f3: \u063a\u0627\u069a\u06cc\u0632 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u069a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u064a\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u00a0\u00a0\u062a\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u0648 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u064a \u060c \u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u00a0\u00a0\u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648\u00a0 \u00a0\u062a\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u063a\u0627\u069a\u06cc\u0632 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u06d0\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: (\u062a) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (T) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 :\u00a0 (\u062a\u0627\u0631)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u00a0\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (T\u00e3r).<\/p>\n

\u0628: (\u062f) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (D) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 :\u00a0 (\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0647) \u00a0\u00a0\u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Bid\u0259).<\/p>\n

\u062c: (\u0646) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (N) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 :\u00a0 (\u0646\u0646)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Nan).<\/p>\n

\n

\u06f4: \u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0632<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06cd \u0685\u0648\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u00a0\u0685\u062e\u0647 \u00a0\u0686\u06d0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0648\u0631\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u062f \u0685\u0648\u06a9\u06d0 \u00a0\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u00a0\u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a \u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u00a0\u062f\u06d0 \u00a0\u0648\u062e\u062a \u00a0\u06a9\u06d0\u00a0 \u00a0\u0686\u06d0 \u00a0\u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: (\u0633) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (S) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 :\u00a0 (\u0633\u0631)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u00a0\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (S\u0259r).<\/p>\n

\u0628: (\u0632) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (Z) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 :\u00a0 (\u0632\u0647)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Z\u0259).<\/p>\n

\u062c: (\u0685) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u010d) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0: \u00a0\u00a0(\u0685\u0627\u0631)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (r\u00e3\u010d).<\/p>\n

\u062f: (\u0681) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u01f0) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 (\u0681\u0627\u06cc)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (y\u0101\u01f0).<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0640: (\u0644) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (L) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0(\u0645\u0644)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Mal).<\/p>\n

\u0648: (\u0631) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (R) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0: \u00a0\u00a0(\u0645\u0627\u0631)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (M\u00e3r).<\/p>\n

\n

\n

\u06f5: \u06a9\u0644\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0631\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0633\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u00a0\u0627\u0648 \u00a0\u062f \u00a0\u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u00a0\u0627\u0648 \u00a0\u06a9\u0644\u06a9 \u00a0\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u00a0\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u00a0\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u064a \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u063a\u0696 \u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a\u06d0 \u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u00a0\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: (\u0634) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u0161) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 :\u00a0 (\u0634\u0631)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (r\u0259\u0161).<\/p>\n

\u0628: (\u0698) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u017e) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 (\u0698\u0631) \u00a0\u00a0\u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (r\u0259\u017e).<\/p>\n

\u062c: (\u0686) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u010d) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 (\u0686\u0627\u0631)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (r\u00e3\u010d).<\/p>\n

\u062f: (\u062c) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (J) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 (\u062c\u0627\u0644)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (J\u00e3l).<\/p>\n

\n

\u06f6: \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062a\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u00a0\u0686\u06d0 \u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: (\u06a9) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (K) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 :\u00a0 (\u06a9\u0627\u0631)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (K\u00e3r).<\/p>\n

\u0628: (\u06ab) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (G) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 \u00a0(\u062c\u0646\u06ab)\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (jang).<\/p>\n

\u062c: (\u062e) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (X) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 (\u062e\u0627\u0631)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (X\u00e3r).<\/p>\n

\u062f: (\u063a) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u0263) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0: \u00a0\u00a0(\u063a\u0644)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (l\u0259\u0263).<\/p>\n

\n

\u06f7: \u0698\u0628\u06cd \u06cc\u0632:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u06cd \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648\u00a0 \u062f\u00a0 \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u00a0 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u00a0\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0647 \u00a0\u0698\u0628\u06cd \u06cc\u0632 \u00a0\u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u063a\u0696 \u0645\u0641\u063a\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u00a0\u0686\u06d0 \u00a0\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u00a0\u06cc\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: (\u0642) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (Q) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 :\u00a0 (\u0642\u0647\u0631)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Qahr).<\/p>\n

\n

\u06f8: \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u064a \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u064a\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u00a0\u0627\u0648 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: (\u062d) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u0126) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u00a0\u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u00a0\u06a9\u06d0 \u00a0\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 (\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (lwa\u0259\u0126).<\/p>\n

\u0628: (\u0639) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u0295) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 (\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (lm\u00e3\u0295).<\/p>\n

\u06f9: \u0645\u0631\u06cd \u06cc\u0632:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u00a0\u062f\u06cc \u00a0\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u00a0\u062f\u0627 \u00a0\u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u00a0\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u00a0\u0645\u0631\u06cd \u00a0\u0685\u062e\u0647 \u00a0\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0696\u06cc\u0632 \u063a\u0693\u064a \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u06a9\u069a\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u00a0\u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: (\u0621) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u0241) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u00a0\u06a9\u06d0 \u00a0\u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0: \u00a0\u00a0(\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 ) \u00a0\u00a0\u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (yes\u0241 R).<\/p>\n

\n

\n

\u06f1\u06f0: \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06ab \u0698\u0628\u06cc\u0632:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0689\u06cc\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0693 \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u064a \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u064f\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u00a0\u062a\u0647 \u00a0\u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06ab\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u00a0\u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: (\u069a) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u1e63) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 :\u00a0 (\u069a\u0627\u0631)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (ar\u1e63).<\/p>\n

\u0628: (\u0696) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u1e93) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 (\u063a\u0696)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (\u1e93\u0259\u0263).<\/p>\n

\u062c: (\u0689) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u1e0d) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 (\u0689\u0627\u0644)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (l\u00e3\u1e0d).<\/p>\n

\u062f: (\u067c) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u1e6d) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 (\u067c\u0627\u0644)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (l\u00e3\u1e6d).<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0640: (\u06bc) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u1e47) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 (\u0628\u06bc)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Ba\u1e47).<\/p>\n

\u0648: (\u0693) \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 (\u1e5b) \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0\u00a0 (\u067e\u0693)\u00a0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Pa\u1e5b).<\/p>\n

\n

\u06f1\u06f1: \u0648\u0631\u06cd \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0685\u06cc\u0693\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 ( \u0634 \u0627\u0648 \u0698 ) \u0648\u0631\u06cd \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u00a0\u064a\u06d0 \u00a0\u062f\u0627 \u069a\u0648\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0648\u0631\u06cd \u0634\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u00a0\u0622\u062f\u0627 \u00a0\u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u00a0\u0645\u06ab\u0631 \u00a0\u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0685\u06cc\u0693\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06ab\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0648 \u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0622\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a .<\/p>\n

\n

\u0628 : \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0689\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(Manners of Articulation)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u00a0\u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u00a0 \u0686\u06d0 \u00a0\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u00a0\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u00a0 \u062a\u0647 \u00a0\u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u064a \u060c \u062f \u0628\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0686\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0622\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u063a\u0696\u06cc\u0632 \u063a\u0693\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u063a\u0696\u06cc\u0632 \u063a\u0693\u0648 \u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u00a0\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0644 \u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u0685\u0648 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u00a0\u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u00a0\u06a9\u0648\u064a \u00a0\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u00a0\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u00a0\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u064a\u00a0 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0648:<\/p>\n

\n

\u06f2: \u062a\u0645 (<\/strong>Stop<\/strong>)<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0\u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0633\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0686\u06d0 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u0644\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u00a0\u062f \u00a0\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u00a0\u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u00a0\u06a9\u06d0 \u00a0\u062f \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0689\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0696 \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0634\u0693\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647 \u062f \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0689\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a :<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u00a0\u0634\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u00a0\u0627\u0648 \u00a0\u06a9\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u00a0\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u00a0\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0648 \u00a0\u0647\u063a\u0647 \u00a0\u062a\u0647 \u00a0\u062f \u00a0\u062a\u0645 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u06cc\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0645 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0645 ((\u067e)(P) \u0627\u0648 \u00a0(\u0628)(B)) \u00a0\u00a0\u069a\u0627\u063a\u06cc\u0632 \u00a0\u062a\u0645 \u00a0((\u062a)(T) \u00a0\u0627\u0648 \u00a0(\u062f)(D)) \u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0645 ((\u06a9)(K) \u0627\u0648 (\u06ab)(G)).<\/p>\n

\n

\u06f2:\u0645\u069a\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u064a(<\/strong>Farcatives<\/strong>) \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u069a\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u064a\u06d0 \u00a0\u062f \u00a0\u0633\u0627 \u00a0\u06cc\u0627 \u00a0\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0689\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u069a\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u064a \u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u069a\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u069a\u0644\u06cc ((\u0641)(F))\u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u069a\u0644\u06cc ((\u0633)(S)) \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u069a\u0644\u064a((\u0634)(\u0161) \u0627\u0648 (\u0632)(Z))\u060c \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06ab \u0698\u0628\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u069a\u0644\u06cc ( \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0681\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0((\u069a)(\u1e63)) \u0627\u0648 ((\u0696)(\u1e93)) .<\/p>\n

\n

\u06f3: \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u069a\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0628 (<\/strong>Affricates<\/strong>) \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u00a0\u062a\u0645 \u00a0\u0627\u0648 \u00a0\u0647\u0645 \u00a0\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u069a\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06d0 \u0633\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u060c \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u00a0\u0689\u0648\u0644 \u00a0\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u00a0\u06a9\u069a\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u00a0\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0632 ((\u0685)(c) \u0627\u0648 (\u0681)(\u01f0)) \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632 ((\u0686)(\u010d) \u0627\u0648 (\u062c)(j)).<\/p>\n

\n

\u06f4: \u067e\u0632\u06cc\u0632 (<\/strong>Nasals<\/strong>) \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 : <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u064a\u06d0 \u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0645 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u00a0\u0633\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0645\u06ab\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u00a0\u062f\u064a \u00a0\u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u00a0\u062f \u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u00a0\u067e\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u062f \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cd \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u067e\u0632\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0681\u064a \u00a0\u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u0632\u06cc\u0632 ((\u0645)(m)) \u060c \u063a\u0627\u069a\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u0632\u06cc\u0632 ((\u0646)(n)) \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06ab \u0698\u0628\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u0632\u06cc\u0632((\u06bc)(\u1e47)).<\/p>\n

\n

\u06f5: \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 (<\/strong>Liquids<\/strong>) \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u060c \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0685\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0681\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u00a0\u062a\u0645 \u00a0\u060c \u00a0\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u069a\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u069a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u067e\u06a9\u069a\u06d0 \u0631\u0627 \u00a0\u067c\u0648\u0644 \u00a0\u0634\u0648\u064a \u00a0\u0648\u064a \u00a0\u062f\u063a\u0647 \u00a0\u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u00a0\u062f \u00a0\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648 \u00a0\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0648<\/p>\n

\u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648:<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0: I<\/strong>\u0627\u0693\u062e\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 (<\/strong>Lateral<\/strong>):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u00a0\u062f \u00a0\u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648 \u00a0\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u00a0\u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u069a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0681\u064a \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u00a0\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u00a0\u062f \u00a0\u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u00a0\u062a\u0631 \u00a0\u0627\u0693\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u064a \u0646\u0648 \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u00a0\u0698\u0628\u0647 \u00a0\u06a9\u06d0 \u00a0\u00a0((\u0644)(L)) \u0627\u0693\u062e\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\n

II<\/strong>: \u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u06cc\u0632 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 (<\/strong>Nonlateral<\/strong>):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u00a0\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u00a0\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u00a0\u0645\u069a\u0644\u06d0 \u00a0\u0627\u0648 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u00a0\u00a0\u0648\u064a \u00a0\u00a0\u0648\u0681\u064a \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0639 \u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u00a0\u062f \u00a0\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u00a0\u0698\u0628\u06d0 ((\u0627\u0693)(R)) \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648.<\/p>\n

III<\/strong>: \u0693\u067e\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 (<\/strong>Flapped<\/strong>):<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u069a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u00a0\u0685\u0648\u06a9\u0647 \u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u00a0\u062a\u0647 \u00a0\u0693\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u06d0\u0696\u062f\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 ((\u0631)(r)) \u062f \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u00a0\u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u069a\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06ab\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f1: \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f . \u062f \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/u> \u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f4 \u060c\u00a0 \u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u062a\u00a0 \u0685\u06cc\u0693\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u00a0 \u0627\u0648\u00a0 \u062f\u00a0 \u0698\u0628\u0627\u0693\u06d0 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632.<\/p>\n

\u06f2: \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f . \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647<\/u> \u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f4\u060c \u060c\u00a0 \u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u062a\u00a0 \u0685\u06cc\u0693\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u00a0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u0627\u0693\u06d0 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632.<\/p>\n

\u06f3: \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 . \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u063a\u0696\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647<\/u> \u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f2\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062f\u00a0 \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u060c \u0646\u0646\u06ab\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u06f4: \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0627 . \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cd\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u00a0 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648\u00a0 \u0698\u0628\u06d0\u00a0 \u062f\u00a0 \u063a\u0696\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u0685\u06cc\u0693\u0646\u0647<\/u> \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0633\u067c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u0633 \u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f0 \u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u06f5: \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u060c\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u067e\u069a\u0648\u06cc\u0647<\/u>\u061b \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f5\u0645 \u061b \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc: \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u06f6: \u0644\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0628\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u067c \u060c \u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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