{"id":190254,"date":"2026-10-07T17:30:31","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T17:30:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=190254"},"modified":"2026-10-07T17:30:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T17:30:31","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d9%84%db%90-%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%b4%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%db%90%da%96%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%88-%d9%88%d9%84%db%90-%d8%ae%d9%be%d9%87-%da%a9%db%90%da%96%d9%8a%d8%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=190254","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u062e\u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"rtl\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u06d0 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\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06d0\u200c\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06ab\u06bc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0644:\u00a0\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 \u00b7 \u00b7<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u06cc\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u06cc\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06d0 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06d0 \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 (German Socio-Economic Panel \u2013 SOEP) \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06f2\u066c\u06f4\u06f7\u06f3 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f0\u2013\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f4 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06f2\u06f5 \u067e\u0631\u0644\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0648. \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06ab\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 (University of Chicago) \u062f NORC \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06d0 (General Social Survey \u2013 GSS) \u0644\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f7\u06f2 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0633\u06d0 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u06f1\u06f9\u06f7\u06f2\u2013\u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f7 \u062f \u06f2\u06f5 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0648\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u06d0 (Samples) \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u06d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0689 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 (Harvard Study of Adult Development) \u0644\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f3\u06f8 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0633\u06d0 \u0646\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0693 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u06ab\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u062f \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0632\u0693\u069a\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe \u2013 SHARE) \u06a9\u06d0 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u062f\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 (Wave) \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a. \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f6 \u062f \u06f1\u06f6 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 \u062f \u06f2\u06f6 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 (Wave 8) \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u06ab\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f U \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0696\u0647 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f U \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u06a9\u0696\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u069a\u0647 (U-shaped curve) \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648\u0693\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067c\u06cc\u067c \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0693 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067c\u06cc\u067c \u067c\u06a9\u06cc \u069a\u064a\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u064a \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a. \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u064a: \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0648 \u069a\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u069a\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0698\u0631 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u0648 \u069a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06d0 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0644 \u062f \u0648\u0644\u0633\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a [20,30,35,37].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u0646\u0689 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u069a\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 (Cross-sectional study):\u00a0\u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0689\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0689\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 (Longitudinal study):\u00a0\u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0648\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062f \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0631 \u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0648-\u0648\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628\u064a \u0689\u0644\u0647 (Cohort):\u00a0\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u06ab\u0689\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u067e\u06cc\u0644-\u0646\u0642\u0637\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0648\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0685\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u0647 (Sample):\u00a0\u0644\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0689\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0648\u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u069a\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u00ab\u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u0647 (Nationally representative sample)\u00bb \u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064a \u06a9\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0627\u0632\u0645\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0647 (Randomized Controlled Trial \u2013 RCT):\u00a0\u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0689\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u06d0\u0634\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u062f \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0646\u0647 (Systematic review):\u00a0\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06a9\u06d0 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u06ab\u0689\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0646\u0646\u0647 (Meta-analysis):\u00a0\u062f \u0685\u0648 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0685\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc:\u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u069a\u0627\u064a\u064a \u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u06f9\u06f5\u066a \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u067c\u0646 (95% Confidence Interval):\u00a0\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644 \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a:\u00a0\u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\/\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 (Wave):\u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0685 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 (Wave 8)\u00bb \u062f \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0681\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u062a\u0645\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1. \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0685\u0647 \u0634\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cd \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f1): \u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062e\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u0647 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u062f\u06cc\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0647. \u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development \u2013 OECD) \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f5 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u069a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0693\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a: (\u06f1) \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u2014 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u064a\u061b (\u06f2) \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0648 (\u06f3) \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u2014 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u060c \u0681\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0645\u0646\u0644\u060c \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a [1].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u00ab\u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u063a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u06a9\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647:\u00a0\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0626. \u0644\u0696 \u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0696\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0626: \u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u06cc\u0645\u061f \u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0645\u061f \u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f2): \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062f \u06f0\u2013\u06f1\u06f0 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0686\u0647\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0644 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f-\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 (Cantril Ladder)\u060c \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 (Satisfaction With Life Scale \u2013 SWLS)\u060c \u062f \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u062f\u064a. \u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067c\u06cc\u0646\u06ab\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u064a [1].<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u00ab\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0645\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u0632\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u06cc\u0645\u00bb \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647:\u00a0\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0685\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0644 \u062f \u06f0\u2013\u06f1\u06f0 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0631\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u0626. \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u0648\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u06f2. \u062f \u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0685\u0648 \u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06d0 \u062f\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u06d0\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f3): \u062f \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 (German SOEP) \u067e\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0685\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u06d0\u0689\u064a (Bruce Headey) \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0632 (Ruud Muffels) \u062f \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 (German Socio-Economic Panel \u2013 SOEP) \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06f2\u066c\u06f4\u06f7\u06f3 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0644 \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f4 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u06f2\u06f5 \u067e\u0631\u0644\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062b\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u0648. \u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0648 [2].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u00ab\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06cc\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u00bb \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u06cc\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062d\u062f \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc [2].<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647:\u00a0\u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u00ab\u067e\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u0647\u00bb \u0645\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0626. \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f4): \u062f \u0634\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06ab\u0648 (Chicago) \u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06ab\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 (University of Chicago) \u062f NORC \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06d0 (General Social Survey \u2013 GSS) \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f7\u06f2 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f4 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u062f\u064a [3].<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062f\u0647: \u00ab\u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0626: \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u064a\u064a\u2013\u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f GSS \u062f \u06f1\u06f9\u06f7\u06f2 \u062a\u0631 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f7 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0648. \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06f2\u06f5 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0647 [4]. \u069a\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u00ab\u0634\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06ab\u0648 (Chicago) \u062f \u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0\u00bb \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062a\u0647. GSS \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0644\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0693\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u0647 (Sample) \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u0647 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u0647: \u067e\u0647 GSS \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061b \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u062f \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062f SOEP \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u06f2\u066c\u06f4\u06f7\u06f3 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0648. \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0648\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0648\u060c \u0685\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0685\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0647\u0645 GSS \u0627\u0648 SOEP \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0647 GSS \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647:\u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06d0 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u06d0 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0647 SOEP \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647:\u00a0\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u00ab\u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0644\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0648\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06d0 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u06d0. \u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u062f \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u0645\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647: \u062f \u0634\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06ab\u0648 (Chicago) \u062f GSS \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u064a. \u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u0646\u06ab \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0647\u0645 \u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0646\u0681\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f5): \u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0689 (Harvard) \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06cc\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0689 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 (Harvard Study of Adult Development) \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f3\u06f8 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0647. \u062f \u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0646\u067c \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 (Grant Study) \u06f2\u06f6\u06f8 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0689 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06ab\u0644\u0648\u06a9 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 (Glueck Study) \u06f4\u06f5\u06f6 \u062f \u0628\u0648\u0633\u067c\u0646 (Boston) \u062f \u069a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0648 \u0647\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0648\u0633 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 [5].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0648 \u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 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\u0639\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a [5].<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647:\u00a0\u062f \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u0626: \u0644\u0696\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0693 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u067e\u0696\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f6): \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 (Midlife in the United States \u2013 MIDUS) \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f5\u2013\u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f6 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u06f7\u066c\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u062f \u06f2\u06f5\u2013\u06f7\u06f4 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0647. \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u0685\u0648 \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0646\u069a\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u06d0 \u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0693\u0644 [6].<\/p>\n<p>MIDUS \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0647\u063a\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647:\u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u00ab\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u00bb \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0626. \u062f \u0628\u062f\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u0645\u0644\u06ab\u0631\u0648\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0626.<\/p>\n<p>\u06f3. \u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u067e\u0631\u062a\u06ab\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0685\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06ab\u0689\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f7): \u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u06ab\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0648. \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u062f \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0632\u0693\u069a\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe \u2013 SHARE) \u062f \u06f5\u06f0 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f6 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u06f1\u06f6 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u06ab\u0689 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06f5\u06f8\u066c\u06f4\u06f8\u06f9 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u06ab\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0648. \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0693 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u061b \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06d0 \u0648\u06d0 [7].<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u06cd \u0646\u0645\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062f \u06f1\u2013\u06f1\u06f0 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0686\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06f7.\u06f5\u06f9 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u06ab\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06f7.\u06f0\u06f2 \u0648\u0647. \u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f0\u2013\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f1 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u06d0 \u0648\u06d0\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u00ab\u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u00bb [7].<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f8): \u00ab\u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 + \u067e\u0631\u062a\u06ab\u0627\u0644 + \u06f2\u06f4 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u00bb \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f SHARE \u062f \u0685\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u06ab\u0689\u0648 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0648 (Waves) \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u06d0 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u06d0 (Archives of Public Health) \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u062f SHARE \u062f \u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 (Wave 8) \u062f \u06f2\u06f6 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u06f4\u06f1\u066c\u06f9\u06f9\u06f9 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u06f5\u06f0 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644. \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u06a9\u069a \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u06d0\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0648\u062a (Carlos III Health Institute) \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0648 [8].<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u06ab\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f6 \u062f \u06f1\u06f6 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 SHARE \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u06ab\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a [7]. \u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647 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\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cd\u060c \u0633\u062e\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cd \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a. \u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc [20].<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3\u2013\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f5 \u062f \u06ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u067e (Gallup) \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9 (World Bank) \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0633 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0693 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f-\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1. \u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u0689 \u2014 \u06f7.\u06f7\u06f6\u06f4\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f8\u06f1.\u06f6 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f2. \u0622\u06cc\u0633\u0644\u0646\u0689 \u2014 \u06f7.\u06f5\u06f4\u06f0\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f8\u06f2.\u06f4 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f3. \u0689\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u2014 \u06f7.\u06f5\u06f3\u06f9\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f8\u06f1.\u06f7 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f4. \u06a9\u0648\u0633\u067c\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u2014 \u06f7.\u06f4\u06f3\u06f9\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f8\u06f0.\u06f8 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f5. \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0689\u0646 \u2014 \u06f7.\u06f2\u06f5\u06f5\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f8\u06f3.\u06f2 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f6. \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06d0 \u2014 \u06f7.\u06f2\u06f4\u06f2\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f8\u06f3.\u06f0 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f7. \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0689 \u2014 \u06f7.\u06f2\u06f2\u06f3\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f8\u06f1.\u06f8 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f8. \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u2014 \u06f7.\u06f1\u06f8\u06f7\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f8\u06f3.\u06f2 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f9. \u0644\u0648\u06a9\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u06ab \u2014 \u06f7.\u06f0\u06f6\u06f3\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f8\u06f3.\u06f1 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f0. \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u2014 \u06f7.\u06f0\u06f1\u06f8\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f8\u06f4.\u06f1 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0646\u0681\u0644\u0633 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067c\u06cc\u067c \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f-\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f3. \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u2014 \u06f4.\u06f1\u06f0\u06f6\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f6\u06f6.\u06f3 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f4. \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0627 \u2014 \u06f4.\u06f0\u06f1\u06f3\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f7\u06f7.\u06f5 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f5. \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0627 \u2014 \u06f3.\u06f9\u06f8\u06f5\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f6\u06f7.\u06f3 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f6. \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u2014 \u06f3.\u06f9\u06f2\u06f5\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f6\u06f6.\u06f8 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f7. \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u2014 \u06f3.\u06f9\u06f0\u06f9\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f6\u06f4.\u06f1 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f8. \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u2014 \u06f3.\u06f9\u06f0\u06f2\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f6\u06f7.\u06f0 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f9. \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u2014 \u06f3.\u06f8\u06f6\u06f2\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f7\u06f1.\u06f6 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f4\u06f0. \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u2014 \u06f3.\u06f7\u06f6\u06f1\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f6\u06f1.\u06f9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f4\u06f1. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u2014 \u06f3.\u06f7\u06f2\u06f3\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f7\u06f7.\u06f8 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f4\u06f2. \u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u2014 \u06f3.\u06f5\u06f3\u06f2\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f6\u06f9.\u06f3 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f4\u06f3. \u0628\u0648\u067c\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u2014 \u06f3.\u06f4\u06f6\u06f4\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f6\u06f9.\u06f2 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f4\u06f4. \u0632\u06cc\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u06d0 \u2014 \u06f3.\u06f3\u06f4\u06f6\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f6\u06f2.\u06f8 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f4\u06f5. \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a \u2014 \u06f3.\u06f2\u06f8\u06f4\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f6\u06f7.\u06f3 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f4\u06f6. \u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u2014 \u06f3.\u06f2\u06f5\u06f1\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f6\u06f1.\u06f8 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f4\u06f7. \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u2014 \u06f1.\u06f4\u06f4\u06f6\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u06f6\u06f6.\u06f0 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3) [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0644\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0646\u0689\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u06f1\u06f0 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0693 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f-\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f8\u06f2.\u06f5 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f5 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067c\u06cc\u067c \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f-\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f6\u06f7.\u06f8 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u0689\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u06f1\u06f4.\u06f7 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a [36].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a. \u0644\u0648\u0693 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0632\u062f\u0647 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\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0647. \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u067c\u06cc\u067c\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u06cd \u0646\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u069a\u064a\u064a [20,35].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0634\u0631\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u06cd \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0633\u062e\u062a\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0646\u069a\u0647 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc. \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062f \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0693 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u063a\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u064a. \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u069a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0681\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u060c \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u2013\u067e\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u06d0 \u0685\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u06d0<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 (World Happiness Report 2026) \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3\u2013\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f-\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0681\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u00ab\u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067c\u06cc\u067c\u00bb \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u06d0\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u069a\u0648\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9 (World Bank) \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc [20,36].<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u0689 \u2014 \u06f1\u06f1\u0645\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06f6.\u06f9\u06f9\u06f5\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f8\u06f1.\u06f8 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u2014 \u06f1\u06f5\u0645\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06f6.\u06f9\u06f1\u06f6\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f8\u06f3.\u06f1 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a \u2014 \u06f1\u06f7\u0645\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06f6.\u06f8\u06f8\u06f2\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f8\u06f1.\u06f0 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u2014 \u06f4\u06f1\u0645\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06f6.\u06f5\u06f4\u06f0\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f8\u06f3.\u06f9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u067e\u0631\u062a\u06ab\u0627\u0644 \u2014 \u06f6\u06f9\u0645\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06f6.\u06f0\u06f2\u06f9\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f8\u06f2.\u06f3 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u2014 \u06f7\u06f1\u0645\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06f6.\u06f0\u06f0\u06f5\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f7\u06f6.\u06f7 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u2014 \u06f8\u06f7\u0645\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06f5.\u06f6\u06f1\u06f7\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f7\u06f1.\u06f1 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u2014 \u06f9\u06f4\u0645\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06f5.\u06f3\u06f0\u06f0\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f7\u06f7.\u06f0 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u2014 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f4\u0645\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06f4.\u06f8\u06f6\u06f8\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f6\u06f7.\u06f6 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u2014 \u06f1\u06f4\u06f7\u0645\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06f1.\u06f4\u06f4\u06f6\/\u06f1\u06f0\u061b \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f6\u06f6.\u06f0 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 (Global Flourishing Study \u2013 GFS) \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 (Wave 1) \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u066c\u06f8\u06f9\u06f8 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0648 \u0689\u0644\u0648 (Nationally representative samples) \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u06f2\u06f2 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0693\u064a. \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u0646\u0681\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0685\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06d0 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a: \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a [37].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0648-\u0648\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u061b \u062f \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f GFS \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u06ab\u0689 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u06f2\u06f2 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u06cd \u0646\u0645\u0631\u0647\u060c \u06f8.\u06f4\u06f7\u060c \u0644\u0631\u0644\u0647\u061b \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u062f \u067c\u06cc\u067c\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0689\u0644\u06d0 \u0648\u0647. \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u06f0\u2013\u06f1\u06f0 \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 GFS \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0685\u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a [20,37].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 GFS \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u060c \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u06f2\u06f2 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0693 \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u069a\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f1\u06f4\u066a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0689 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u06f5\u06f0\u066a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u06cc\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0644\u0648\u062f. \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u067c\u06cc\u0646\u06ab\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u0646\u06cd \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06d0 (Screening) \u0646\u069a\u06d0 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0646\u0647\u061b \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u064a [38].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u062f GFS \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 (Wave 1) \u06a9\u06d0 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u0689 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u06f2\u06f2 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u063a\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f GFS \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 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\u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u06ab\u067c\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u064a: \u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0693 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u0644\u0631\u0645\u061f \u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06d0 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061f \u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0644\u0631\u0645\u061f \u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u06cc \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u06f5. \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0<\/p>\n<p>\u0685\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f1\u06f4): \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062f \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062f \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u064a. \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f5 (World Happiness Report 2025) \u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06f1\u06f9\u066a \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061b \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f6 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u06f3\u06f9\u066a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 [21].<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06ab\u0648\u069a\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f \u067c\u06cc\u067c\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cd \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 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MIDUS \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u0647 [6]. \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u06d0 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u067c\u06cc\u067c \u067c\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693 \u06a9\u0648\u064a [18]\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u064a [19]. \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u00ab\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0633 \u062f \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u067e\u0647 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\u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1.\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693:\u00a0\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0689 (Harvard)\u060c SHARE\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0632\u0693\u069a\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 (English Longitudinal Study of Ageing \u2013 ELSA) \u0627\u0648 \u06ab\u06bc\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693 \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. \u062f \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a 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\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0685\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f1\u06f7): \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0685\u0647 \u0634\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u063a\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06ab\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f \u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0632 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0693\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u063a\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0634\u062f\u062a \u06cc\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u069a\u06cd \u0634\u06cc\u0628\u06d0 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u0645 \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u06cd \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f \u063a\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0644 \u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0693\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647:\u00a0\u062e\u067e\u0644 \u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u0626\u060c \u0639\u0644\u062a \u06cc\u06d0 \u0648\u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u0626\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0693\u0626 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0626\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0626 \u0686\u06d0 \u00ab\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0626.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f1\u06f8): \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0685\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u063a\u0645 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (World Health Organization \u2013 WHO) \u062f \u06f1\u06f1 \u0633\u067e\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06bc\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u067c\u06cc\u067c \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u069a\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0648\u0631\u0681\u06d0 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u060c \u0644\u0696 \u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0696\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cd \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u062f \u06ab\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062f \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u067c\u06cc\u067c \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0645\u0631\u06ab \u06cc\u0627 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0698\u0646\u06d0 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cd \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a [30].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (World Health Organization \u2013 WHO) \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f5.\u06f2\u066a \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0648. \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u064a [30].<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647:\u00a0\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u069a\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cd \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0698\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u06ab \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u00ab\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0644\u06d0\u00bb \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0626\u061b \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0647. \u062f \u0681\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u06cc\u0693\u0646\u06cd \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0626.<\/p>\n<p>\u06f8. \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1. \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u06d0\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0632 \u062f \u0645\u0693\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u063a\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067c\u067e \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u0686\u0644\u0646\u062f [30].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f2. \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06ab\u0648\u069a\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628\u061b \u067e\u0647 \u0632\u0693\u069a\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cd \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u06f3. \u0641\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0644 [30].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f4. \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0689\u064a\u061b \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u069a\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u069a\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u06f5. \u062f \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f [30].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f6. \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u06d0 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u06cd\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u061b \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u06ab\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628\u064a \u0689\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u064a [9\u201311].<\/p>\n<p>\u06f7. \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693 \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a\u060c \u0634\u062e\u0693\u0647\u200c\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u06f8. \u067e\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0685\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u06f9. \u062f \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f1\u06f9): \u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0648. \u062f BMJ \u0637\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u06d0 (The BMJ) \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f4 \u062f \u0685\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0646\u0646\u0647 (Network meta-analysis) \u06a9\u06d0 \u06f2\u06f1\u06f8 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u06f1\u06f4\u066c\u06f1\u06f7\u06f0 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0648. \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0689\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u06ab\u0627\u060c \u062f \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u06bc\u06d0 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0646\u069a\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06ab\u067c\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0648\u06d0 [25].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0646\u0647 (Umbrella review) \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u06f6\u06f3 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0646\u06d0\u060c \u06f1\u066c\u06f0\u06f7\u06f9 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u06f7\u06f9\u066c\u06f5\u06f5\u06f1 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0693\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0644 \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u069a\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u0644\u06d0 [31].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u062f \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u06ab\u0689\u06d0 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0646\u0646\u06d0 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u069a\u064a\u064a\u061b \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0696 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u062f\u064a [32].<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647:\u00a0\u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u00ab\u0633\u062e\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u00bb \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u061b \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a (Aerobic exercise) \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 (Resistance training) \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0693\u0626.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0): \u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693 \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u062f \u06f9 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064a \u06a9\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0632\u0645\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u06f9\u06f2\u06f7 \u0647\u063a\u0648 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u06ab\u0689\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0644\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u067c\u06cc\u067c\u0647 \u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0693 \u0648 [33].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06d0 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u00ab\u0645\u0644\u06ab\u0631\u064a \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0693\u0647\u00bb \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc. \u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0693\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u06d0 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647:\u00a0\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0646\u06cd \u062f \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0626: \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u0645\u0644\u06ab\u0631\u064a\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693 \u0689\u0644\u0647. \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f1): \u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062f\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (World Health Organization \u2013 WHO) \u062f \u0686\u0644\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a-\u0686\u0644\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0647 (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy \u2013 CBT)\u060c \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0681\u064a \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0647 (Interpersonal Psychotherapy \u2013 IPT)\u060c \u062f \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 (Third-wave therapies) \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u06d0 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u06ab\u06bc\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3 \u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u06cd \u062f\u0647 [34].<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u06ab\u0627\u0647\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064a \u06a9\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0632\u0645\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0644 \u0634\u064a [24].<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647:\u00a0\u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0633\u067e\u06a9 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0681\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u0646\u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a. \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f0. \u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641) \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0645\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062e\u0648\u0628: \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0685\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0634\u067e\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u062a (Screen time) \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a: \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0681 \u0641\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0696 \u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u06d0\u0685 \u0646\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0647: \u0644\u0696 \u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0696\u0647 \u0685\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0646\u067c \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0645: \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0634\u067e\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0644\u061b \u062f \u0627\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0646\u067c \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062e \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u0646\u069a\u0648 \u0685\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647: \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u069a\u06cd \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0698\u0646\u06d0 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cd \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0626.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628) \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647: \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u06ab\u0631\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647: \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u00ab\u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u0648\u062e\u062a\u00bb \u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u0696\u062f\u0626\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0626.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647: \u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0634\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0633\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0693\u0626.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a: \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641: \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0648\u0626.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693: \u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u067e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u061b \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u06d0\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u062c) \u0632\u0693\u069a\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628: \u062f \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 (Strength training)\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647: \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c 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[27].<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0631\u0646\u0647: \u062f \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u067c \u062e\u0646\u0689\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u0646\u06cd \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647: \u0632\u0693\u069a\u062a \u067e\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0648\u0693 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u00bb \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0647 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\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u06ab\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0648 \u0689\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a [20,35].<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06bc\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0693 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u064a [28].<\/p>\n<p>\u0628) \u062f \u0648\u0644\u0633\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0693 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u06cc [5,7,23].<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u0648\u0644. \u062f \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u064a [24,25,27].<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u06cd\u060c \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u0634\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0644. \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u069a\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0681\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u064a [30,34].<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061b \u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06d0 \u0645\u0644\u06ab\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0681\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648 \u06ab\u0689 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0632\u0644\u0648\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0645\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0644. \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d0 \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u062a\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u06ab\u0689\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062e \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693\u06d0 \u0634\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc:\u00a0\u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u0648 \u069a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645:\u00a0\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u06cd \u062f \u0698\u0631 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062f \u00ab\u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u00bb \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06cc\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u062e\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"rtl\">\n<p><strong>\u06f1\u06f4. \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">1. OECD. OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being (2025 Update). OECD Publishing, 2025. DOI: 10.1787\/9203632a-en. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being-2025-update_9203632a-en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being-2025-update_9203632a-en.html&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1791447688047000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1ZR8fromPgN39OX9nTb-tz\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/<wbr \/>publications\/oecd-guidelines-<wbr \/>on-measuring-subjective-well-<wbr \/>being-2025-update_9203632a-en.<wbr \/>html<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">2. Headey B, Muffels R. A Theory of Life Satisfaction Dynamics: Stability, Change and Volatility in 25-Year Life Trajectories in Germany. Social Indicators Research. DOI: 10.1007\/s11205-017-1785-z. German SOEP: 2,473 respondents, 1990\u20132014.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">3. NORC at the University of Chicago. General Social Survey (GSS), cumulative data 1972\u20132024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.norc.org\/research\/projects\/gss.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.norc.org\/research\/projects\/gss.html&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1791447688048000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2JOycNCatk1MRn1gDsUqZd\">https:\/\/www.norc.org\/research\/<wbr \/>projects\/gss.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">4. Alesina A, Di Tella R, MacCulloch R. Inequality and happiness: are Europeans and Americans different? Journal of Public Economics. US GSS happiness data, 1972\u20131997, 25 survey-years.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">5. Harvard Study of Adult Development \/ Massachusetts General Hospital \/ Harvard Medical School. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adultdevelopmentstudy.org\/grantandglueckstudy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.adultdevelopmentstudy.org\/grantandglueckstudy&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1791447688048000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0KEiK1EtZELrXUOnw2iI83\">https:\/\/www.<wbr \/>adultdevelopmentstudy.org\/<wbr \/>grantandglueckstudy<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">6. MIDUS \u2013 Midlife in the United States. University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison \/ National Institute on Aging. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.midus.wisc.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.midus.wisc.edu\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1791447688048000&amp;usg=AOvVaw23pBTChW9qy7G3ecyuUvFb\">https:\/\/www.midus.wisc.edu\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">7. Tomini F, Tomini SM, Groot W. Understanding the value of social networks in life satisfaction of elderly people: a comparative study of 16 European countries using SHARE data. BMC Geriatrics. 2016;16:203. DOI: 10.1186\/s12877-016-0362-7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">8. Ayala A, Mateo-Abad M, et al. Older caregivers and care recipients in Europe: a cluster analysis according to health and social outcomes. Archives of Public Health. 2026;84:115. DOI: 10.1186\/s13690-026-01912-4. SHARE Wave 8, 26 countries, N=41,999.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">9. Lopes DG, Mendon\u00e7a N, et al. Trajectories and determinants of ageing in Portugal: insights from EpiDoC, a nationwide population-based cohort. BMC Public Health. 2023;23:1564. DOI: 10.1186\/s12889-023-16370-8.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">10. Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Older Adults: Trajectories of Influence across Age. Longitudinal Portuguese SHARE sample. PubMed PMID: 33291547.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">11. Health and life satisfaction factors of Portuguese older adults. PubMed PMID: 34883397.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">12. To be happy and behave in a healthier way. A longitudinal study about gender differences in the older population. Spanish adults 50+, 6-year follow-up. PubMed PMID: 34353185.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">13. Relationship between subjective well-being and healthy lifestyle behaviours in older adults: a longitudinal study. Spanish adults 50+. PubMed PMID: 30590962.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">14. Spanish longitudinal study on aging and health (Edad con Salud) \u2013 longitudinal publications on loneliness, functioning and subjective well-being; Universidad Complutense de Madrid research outputs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">15. Association of environmental and sociodemographic factors with life satisfaction in 27 European countries. BMC Public Health \/ PMC6509815.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">16. European Social Survey. Well-being modules and comparative findings, including Spain and Portugal. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europeansocialsurvey.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.europeansocialsurvey.org\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1791447688048000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0IZudl7x-BIi8-TjOX3XH3\">https:\/\/www.<wbr \/>europeansocialsurvey.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">17. Jebb AT, Morrison M, Tay L, Diener E. Subjective Well-Being Around the World: Trends and Predictors Across the Life Span. Psychological Science. 2020. DOI: 10.1177\/0956797619898826. 166 nations, &gt;1.7 million respondents.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">18. Blanchflower DG. Is happiness U-shaped everywhere? Age and subjective well-being in 145 countries. Journal of Population Economics. 2021;34:575\u2013624. DOI: 10.1007\/s00148-020-00797-z.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">19. To Evaluate the Age\u2013Happiness Relationship, Look Beyond Statistical Significance. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2024. DOI available via Springer Nature.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">20. Helliwell JF, Layard R, Sachs JD, De Neve J-E, Aknin LB, Wang S, eds. World Happiness Report 2026. University of Oxford: Wellbeing Research Centre; 2026. Country rankings use Gallup World Poll life evaluations averaged over 2023\u20132025 (147 countries). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhappiness.report\/ed\/2026\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.worldhappiness.report\/ed\/2026\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1791447688048000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0vbKj_2Sdg-BACPZsiM_dI\">https:\/\/www.worldhappiness.<wbr \/>report\/ed\/2026\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">21. World Happiness Report 2025. Chapter: Connecting with others: How social connections improve the happiness of young adults.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">22. Hudomiet P, Hurd M, Rohwedder S. The age profile of life satisfaction after age 65 in the U.S. Journal of Economic Behavior &amp; Organization. 2021;189:431\u2013442. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jebo.2021.07.002.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">23. Rafnsson SB, Shankar A, Steptoe A. Longitudinal Influences of Social Network Characteristics on Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults: Findings From the ELSA Study. 6-year follow-up. PubMed PMID: 25804898.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">24. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of well-being-focused interventions. Nature Human Behaviour. 2026. 183 RCTs, N=22,811. DOI: 10.1038\/s41562-025-02369-1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">25. Noetel M, et al. Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2024;384:e075847. DOI: 10.1136\/bmj-2023-075847.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">26. Sutin A, et al. Purpose in life and mortality: meta-analysis and individual-participant data of 488,765 participants followed up to 32 years. Psychological Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1017\/S0033291726104863.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">27. Hobby engagement and mental wellbeing among people aged 65 years and older in 16 countries. Longitudinal harmonized analysis, N=93,263. PubMed PMID: 37696932.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">28. Trust and subjective well-being across the lifespan: A multilevel meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. Psychological Bulletin. 2025. PubMed PMID: 40504645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">29. Bortolotti A, Di Berardino C, Palumbo R. Living Well or Spending More? A 25-Year Review of Income, Consumption, and Life Satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2026;27:15. DOI: 10.1007\/s10902-026-01006-6.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">30. World Health Organization. Depressive disorder (depression). Updated 11 September 2026. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/depression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/depression&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1791447688048000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0sFXco8uzbCsP2eMnPdhWG\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/<wbr \/>fact-sheets\/detail\/depression<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">31. Munro NR, et al. Effect of exercise on depression and anxiety symptoms: systematic umbrella review with meta-meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. PubMed PMID: 41667154.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">32. Effectiveness of exercise-based interventions in reducing depressive symptoms in people without clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PubMed PMID: 33533706.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">33. Campos-Pa\u00edno H, et al. Effectiveness of social support-based interventions in preventing depression in people without clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2023. PubMed PMID: 36419332.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">34. World Health Organization mhGAP Evidence Centre. Brief structured psychological treatment for depressive disorder: behavioural activation, CBT, IPT, problem-solving therapy and third-wave therapies. Updated recommendation 2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">35. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Afghanistan Socioeconomic Review 2024\u20132025: Mass Returns at a Time of Growing Insecurity. May 2026. Findings include 74% subsistence insecurity in 2025, about 28 million people unable to meet basic needs, more than 80% of households in debt, large-scale returns, drought and worsening access to health services. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/afghanistan\/publications\/afghanistan-socioeconomic-review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.undp.org\/afghanistan\/publications\/afghanistan-socioeconomic-review&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1791447688048000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1olMwWdQY69EHnU0SfyP2y\">https:\/\/www.undp.org\/<wbr \/>afghanistan\/publications\/<wbr \/>afghanistan-socioeconomic-<wbr \/>review<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">36. World Bank. World Development Indicators. Life expectancy at birth, total (years), indicator <a href=\"http:\/\/sp.dyn.le00.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=http:\/\/SP.DYN.LE00.IN&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1791447688048000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1eXmBTPDaM_IsNRfVhzujh\">SP.DYN.LE00.IN<\/a>. The 2023 values are retained in this article as a single fixed comparison year for internal consistency; the World Bank series is now updated through 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1791447688048000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2W5sge3MsAdSN10t_QB6Zm\">https:\/\/databank.worldbank.<wbr \/>org\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">37. VanderWeele TJ, Johnson BR, Bialowolski PT, et al. The Global Flourishing Study: Study Profile and Initial Results on Flourishing. Nature Mental Health. 2025;3:636\u2013653. DOI: 10.1038\/s44220-025-00423-5. Five-year longitudinal panel by design; this cited paper reports Wave 1 baseline results, N=202,898, 22 countries, nationally representative sampling.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">38. Bradshaw M, Shiba K, Jang SJ, et al. Demographic variation in symptoms of depression and anxiety across 22 Global Flourishing Study countries. Communications Medicine. 2026;6:100. DOI: 10.1038\/s43856-025-01366-9. Nationally representative GFS data, N=202,898; cross-country comparison of screening symptoms.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0637\u064a \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u06d0 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 . \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0698\u0646\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0693\u0646\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u062a<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">MD., PhD<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0628\u067e\u0627\u06bc\u0647:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dawatmedia24.com\/\"><img class=\"wp-image-177249 aligncenter b-loaded\" sizes=\"(max-width: 169px) 100vw, 169px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-english-dawat-300x117.jpg 300w, https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-english-dawat.jpg 405w\" alt=\"\" width=\"169\" height=\"66\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-english-dawat-300x117.jpg 300w, https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-english-dawat.jpg 405w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-english-dawat-300x117.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/donate.stripe.com\/5kQcN56m53Pgapae234Rq00\"><strong>Donate Here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u062e\u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061f \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u0685\u0648 \u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062a\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u069a\u064a\u064a\u061f \u062f \u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u06d0\u060c \u0685\u0648 \u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0685\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u06ab\u0689\u0648 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u060c\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u00a0\u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0: \u0634\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06ab\u0648 \u060c\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0689 \u060c\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u060c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":186143,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[12704,12705],"class_list":["post-190254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-104","tag-12704","tag-12705"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - 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