{"id":188649,"date":"2026-08-17T12:32:35","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T12:32:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=188649"},"modified":"2026-08-17T12:32:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T12:32:35","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%88-%d8%af-%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=188649","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a: \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06d0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a: \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06d0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u061b<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\u06f1\u06f5 \u0627\u06ab\u0633\u062a \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/span><\/span>:<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a <\/span><\/span>(Human Security)\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u06d0\u060c \u0647\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0647 <\/span><\/span>(Human Capital)\u060c \u06a9\u0689\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u06d0\u062f\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd\u060c \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a <\/span><\/span>(Institutional Legitimacy) \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 <\/span><\/span>(Selective Adaptation).<\/p>\n

\n

\u0644\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0632<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a (\u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f6\u2013\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f1) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\/\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f1\u2013\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6) \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cd\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab\u060c \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u069a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u0640 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c \u06a9\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/span><\/span>\u00bb (Selective Adaptation) \u062f\u06cc: \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0640 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a <\/span><\/span>(State Capacity)\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0689\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u067c\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a\u06ab \u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u00bb \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0681\u0627\u0646-\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a\u061b \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u062f<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0646\u0635\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647\u06d0\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u064a \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0640 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0698\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0640 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u069a\u064a\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cd \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f <\/span><\/span>(Social Trust) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u06d0: \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u061b <\/span><\/span>Selective Adaptation\u061b \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a\u061b \u0641\u0642\u0647\u061b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u0629\u061b \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a <\/span><\/span>(Human Security)\u061b \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u061b \u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u06d0\u061b \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0647 <\/span><\/span>(Human Capital)\u061b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634\u061b \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u061b \u0647\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 <\/span><\/span>(Institutional Pluralism)\u061b \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u061b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1<\/span><\/span>. \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0647: \u067e\u0646\u0681\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f1 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0627\u06ab\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0633\u062a: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0631\u062d\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0644. \u067e\u0646\u0681\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u00ab\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u061f\u00bb\u061b \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06d0 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0640 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0681\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. \u06cc\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u067c\u060c \u0689\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u067c\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u0634\u064a. \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/span><\/span>\u00bb (Selective Adaptation) \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0648 \u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06ab\u0644\u0647\u200c\u062f\u06d0\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06d0 \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061f \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u00ab\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u00ab\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00bb \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a\u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u064a. \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f2<\/span><\/span>. \u062f \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0646\u0647 <\/span><\/span>(Institutional State-Building) \u06ab\u06bc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u069a\u0681\u0648\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u062f \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u06ab\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a\u060c \u0689\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u067c\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0644\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0693 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u06a9\u0693\u06cc\u061b\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u06cc\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0628\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u06a9\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u06ab\u067c\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u06d0 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062c\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f3<\/span><\/span>. \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0646\u0681\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u064a: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u0640 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u061b \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cd \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u061b \u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u061b \u062f \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644. \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0635 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647\u060c \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u062f \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0640 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f \u0646\u069a\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cd \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u00bb \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06d0 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u00bb \u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0681\u0627\u0646-\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0647\u061b \u062f \u0647\u0631\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cd \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a. \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637\u06cc\u062a\u00bb \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0641\u06cc\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f3<\/span><\/span>.\u06f1 \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0637\u0631\u0641\u06cd \u0627\u0635\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u063a \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u069a\u0681\u0648\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0648\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u0646\u0642\u062f \u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cd\u060c \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062f\u06cc. \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u067c\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f3<\/span><\/span>.\u06f2 \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0648\u069a\u062a: \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/span><\/span>\u00bb (Selective Adaptation) \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u062a\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 <\/span><\/span>Selective Adaptation \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062f \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0648 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06d0 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u064a<\/span><\/span>:<\/p>\n

(\u06f1<\/span><\/span>) State-capacity adaptation \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u061b \u2014 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06ab\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u060c \u0689\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u067c\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u067c\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u06f2<\/span><\/span>) Normative continuity \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648 (\u06f3) <\/span><\/span>Legitimacy gap \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0627\u067c\u0646\u061b \u2014 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0681\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0644 <\/span><\/span>(Modernization) \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0644 <\/span><\/span>(Liberalization) \u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06cc\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u00ab\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a\/\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a\u00bb \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647\u200c\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0689\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f <\/span><\/span>institutional hybridity\u060c <\/span><\/span>policy learning \u0627\u0648 <\/span><\/span>Selective Adaptation \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u00bb \u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u00ab\u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u00bb\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0685\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u0644\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u0686\u0627 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0685\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u06a9\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f4<\/span><\/span>. \u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u067e\u0646\u0681\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06d0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u067e\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u062f \u067e\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u06cc\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 <\/span><\/span>(Selective Adaptation)<\/td>\n\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u062f \u067e\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u062a\u06ab<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u069a\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06d0\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/center><\/p>\n

\n

\u06f5<\/span><\/span>. \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a (\u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f6\u2013\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f1) \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f1\u2013\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6): \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f6\u2013\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f1<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f1\u2013\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u061b \u062a\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u06ab\u06bc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0689\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 <\/span><\/span>(Selective Adaptation)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0646\u06d0\u067c \u0627\u0648 \u0689\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u067c\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0644\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0648\u06cc\u0628\u067e\u0627\u06bc\u06d0\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0689\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u067c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u063a \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0634\u067e\u0696\u0645 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06cc \u0648<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u06a9\u0686\u06d0 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u067e\u0696\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0646\u0639<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u067e\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f1 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0633\u06d0 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u061b <\/span><\/span>UNESCO \u067e\u0647 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06f2.\u06f4 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632\u0645\u0646\u06d0 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u067e\u0647 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f1\u2013\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f2 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u061b \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f2 \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u062a\u06ab<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647 \u0681\u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0646\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0689\u06d0\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u06d0 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06d0<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d0\u061b \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0642\u06cc\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\/\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cd<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06d0\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0648<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062a\u0647\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0681\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0648\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0632\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u06a9\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u06ab\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u067c\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 <\/span><\/span>(Institutional Adaptation)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0644\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0642\u0648\u064a \u062f\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0642\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0633\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0628<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u062f \u067c\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cd \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0647\u061b \u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0642\u06cd \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f1 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0693 \u0634\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u062a\u0631 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u06d0 \u06a9\u0686\u06d0 \u0633\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u061b \u062f \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06d0<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/center><\/p>\n

\n

\u06f6<\/span><\/span>. \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c: \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f6<\/span><\/span>.\u06f1 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0647: \u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u064a: \u00ab\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644 \u0631\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u0651 \u0632\u0650\u062f\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064b\u0627\u00bb \u2014 \u00ab\u0648\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0647: \u0627\u06d0 \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0693\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u00bb (Qur’an 20:114).<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0648\u064a <\/span><\/span>(Qur’an 39:9) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u062d\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a <\/span><\/span>(Qur’an 96:1\u20135).<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u064a \u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u062c\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a <\/span><\/span>(Sahih Muslim, 2699a).<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u06d0 \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \ufdfa \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0681\u06d0 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0681 \u0648\u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0647 <\/span><\/span>(Sahih al-Bukhari, 101).<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0696 \u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0696\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u062f \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u06d0 \u0628\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u0648<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f6<\/span><\/span>.\u06f2 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f \u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u064a <\/span><\/span>(Qur’an 4:58)\u060c \u062f \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u067c\u06cc\u0646\u06ab\u069a\u062a \u067c\u06cc\u0646\u06ab\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u064a <\/span><\/span>(Qur’an 5:8)\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u00ab\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u00bb \u06ab\u06bc\u064a <\/span><\/span>(Qur’an 42:38). \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a\u060c \u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f6<\/span><\/span>.\u06f3 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a: \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u062e\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u062d\u062c\u062a \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067c\u06a9\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u0646\u0648 \u00ab\u062f\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u06a9\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0647\u0631\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc. \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u064a<\/span><\/span>:<\/p>\n

\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06cc\u06cc\u0632 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0627\u0633\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f6<\/span><\/span>.\u06f4 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u06cc\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u064a. \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u06cc. \u062f <\/span><\/span>International Islamic Fiqh Academy \u067e\u0647 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f2 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u061b \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f1\u2013\u06f1\u06f2 \u0646\u06d0\u067c\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u00ab\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645: \u0646\u0646\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u00bb \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 <\/span><\/span>(International Conference on Girls\u2019 Education in Muslim Communities: Challenges and Opportunities) \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06d0 <\/span><\/span>(Islamabad Declaration on Girls\u2019 Education in Muslim Communities) \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0693 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0647 <\/span><\/span>(International Islamic Fiqh Academy [IIFA], 2022; Muslim World League [MWL], 2025; Organisation of Islamic Cooperation [OIC], 2025).<\/p>\n

\u06f7<\/span><\/span>. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd: \u06cc\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06ab\u06bc \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u00ab\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u00ab\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00bb \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u06ab\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0631 \u0686\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0685\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06ab\u0644\u0647\u200c\u062f\u06d0\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0644\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\/\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\/\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06bc\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u064a \u067c\u06a9\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\/\u0634\u06cc\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0681\u064a\u061b \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0642\u06cc\u0648\u062f \u0634\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u06a9\u0686\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06cc\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u06d0 \u0634\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u0646\u06ab\u0644\u0647\u200c\u062f\u06d0\u0634<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633\u061b \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06d0\u0632\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u06a9\u0686\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0633\u062e\u062a \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062f\u06cc\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u0648 \u06a9\u0686\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0635\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062a\u061b \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u06ab\u06bc\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\/\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u06ab\u0689 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06ab\u0689 \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0648\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0647\u0646\u062f \u2013 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0631 \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u061b \u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u061b \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cd \u0634\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0640 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u061b \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0640 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u06cc\u0648\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061b \u062f <\/span><\/span>World Bank\/UNESCO \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f4 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 <\/span><\/span>tertiary gross enrollment \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f5\u06f3.\u06f5\u066a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0648 <\/span><\/span>gender-parity index \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f1.\u06f1\u06f9 \u0648<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u061b \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062f \u00ab\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cd\u00bb \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0644\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628 <\/span><\/span>(Institutional Moderation) \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06ab\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u061b \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a\u061b \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06cc\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cd \u062f \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/center><\/p>\n

\n

Pew Research Center \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f2\u06f1\u06f3 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u0647\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00bb \u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a<\/span><\/span>:<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u06d0\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u062f \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0640 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f7<\/span><\/span>.\u06f1 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634: \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0644\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628 <\/span><\/span>(Institutional Moderation) \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u00ab\u069a\u0681\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u00bb \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 <\/span><\/span>(Institutional Adaptation) \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0640 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u060c \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0640 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u0646\u06ab \u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0681\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u06d0 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 <\/span><\/span>policy package \u0646\u0647 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f <\/span><\/span>World Bank Gender Data Portal\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f <\/span><\/span>UNESCO Institute for Statistics \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f4 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0648 <\/span><\/span>gross enrollment \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f5\u06f3.\u06f5 \u0633\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u062b\u0628\u062a\u0648\u064a\u061b \u062f <\/span><\/span>tertiary gender-parity index \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f1.\u06f1\u06f9 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u06d0 \u062f \u00ab\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u0642\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a\u060c \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u200c\u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0640 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f <\/span><\/span>mechanical imitation \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 <\/span><\/span>\u00abfunctional comparison\u00bb \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>:<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0645\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cd \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u069a\u064a\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 <\/span><\/span>lesson transfer \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u0648\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f7<\/span><\/span>.\u06f2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627: \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 <\/span><\/span>(Institutional Pluralism) \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a \u06cc\u06d0 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062f\u06cc. \u062f \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c \u06a9\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u069a\u064a\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u00ab\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00bb \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u067e\u064a \u0648\u0693 \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f <\/span><\/span>functional comparison \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u0645\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u06ab\u0689 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631 \u0686\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u00ab\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u00bb \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06ab\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0681\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f7<\/span><\/span>.\u06f3 \u062f \u00ab\u0645\u0646\u0681\u0644\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628\u00bb \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641: \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u00ab\u0645\u0646\u0681\u0644\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628<\/span><\/span>\u00bb (institutional moderation) \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u062f \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0635\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0641\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u06a9\u0693\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0644\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 <\/span><\/span>proportionality\u060c <\/span><\/span>gradualism\u060c <\/span><\/span>consultation \u0627\u0648 <\/span><\/span>evidence-based policy \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0640 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cd \u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0648\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0685\u0646\u06ab \u062f \u0647\u063a\u06d0 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u069a\u064a\u064a<\/span><\/span>:<\/p>\n

\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0681\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0627\u067c\u0646 <\/span><\/span>(Legitimacy Gap) \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f7<\/span><\/span>.\u06f4 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0644\u0693\u06cd \u061b \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0640 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cd\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0640 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 <\/span><\/span>(Institutional Pluralism)\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u06ab\u0689 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0640 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06ab\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a. \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u067e\u064a \u0634\u064a\u061b \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u00bb \u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f8<\/span><\/span>. \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u06a9\u0641\u06cc\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647: \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 <\/span><\/span>(TTP) \u062f \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u0693\u0646\u0648\u060c \u062f \u0628\u0648\u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634<\/span><\/span>\/IS \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u06a9\u0641\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d0 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u064a: (\u06f1) \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u06a9\u0641\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0648 \u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u061b (\u06f2) \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0647\u06ab\u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061b (\u06f3) \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u06d0\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\/\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0648\u06a9\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u064a. \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f5 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u064a\u061b \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u00ab\u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0636\u062f\u00bb \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0681 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f9<\/span><\/span>. \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0647 <\/span><\/span>(Human Capital): \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span>. UNESCO \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f5 \u0627\u0648 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f2.\u06f4 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u06a9\u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u06d0 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u064a <\/span><\/span>(UNESCO, 2026a, 2026b). \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u06d0 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0634\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u067c\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

UN Women \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f4 <\/span><\/span>Gender Index \u067e\u0647 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f5 \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693 \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u0648 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u06d0 \u0628\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0685\u0648 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0686\u0647 <\/span><\/span>(UN Women, 2025). \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u060c \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062f \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f \u0641\u0636\u06cc\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u064a\u061f \u062f \u06ab\u06bc\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f0<\/span><\/span>. \u069a\u0681\u06d0\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a: \u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u00ab\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\/\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647\u200c\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0637\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062a\u0647. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06d0 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u0648\u064a: \u06a9\u0647 \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u067c\u0631\u06d0\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u063a\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u064a. \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0693\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f1<\/span><\/span>. \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0642\u064a: \u062f \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 <\/span><\/span>(Selective Adaptation) \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0689\u06cc\u0648\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0628\u067e\u0627\u06bc\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u067c\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0689\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u067c\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u0647. \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 <\/span><\/span>UNAMA \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f1\u2013\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f4 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u060c \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u062f \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u06d0 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062f\u064a <\/span><\/span>(UNAMA, 2024). \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647: \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0642\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0631\u064a: \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062f \u06ab\u06bc\u0648 \u0689\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u067c\u06cc\u0646\u06ab\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061b \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u069a\u064a\u064a \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u06d0 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f2<\/span><\/span>. \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u062f \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u064a: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u06ab\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u067c\u060c \u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a. \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a <\/span><\/span>(State Capacity) \u062f\u06cc. \u062e\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u061f \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u061f \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06d0\u0632\u0645 \u0634\u062a\u0647\u061f \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a (4:58; 5:8) \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062f \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a (42:38). \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u061b \u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f \u00ab\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u00bb \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f3<\/span><\/span>. \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a: \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06d0\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u00bb \u062a\u0631 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cd \u0645\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0693\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u0693\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u06ab \u0631\u0627\u062a\u06ab \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u069a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc. \u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u062e\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u062c\u0628\u0647\u06d0 \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u062f \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0631\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0693\u06d0\u060c \u062e\u067e\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f3<\/span><\/span>.\u06f1 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0647: \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f <\/span><\/span>(Social Trust)<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u0646\u06ab \u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u06a9\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u064a. \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0645 \u062f \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u067c\u0631\u060c \u062f \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u060c \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u060c \u062f \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0647\u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f <\/span><\/span>measurable human consequences \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u06cc: \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u067e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f <\/span><\/span>(Social Trust) \u0685\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0641\u0639\u0650 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u062f \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u064a\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062f \u00ab\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u062f \u062d\u0642\u00bb \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c \u0647\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f4<\/span><\/span>. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f: \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c <\/span><\/span>GDP \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0648 \u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

World Bank \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 \u062f \u0645\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u06d0 \u0648\u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0631\u0685\u0646\u06ab \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f3.\u06f7 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 <\/span><\/span>GDP \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06f5.\u06f6\u066a \u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc <\/span><\/span>(World Bank, 2026). \u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u0634\u064a: \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u061b \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0647\u061b \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647. \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0647\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u06ab\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u06d0 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u06ab\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0633\u064a \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0628\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f5<\/span><\/span>. \u0628\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b: \u062f \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f1 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0628\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0633\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0693\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u06d0\u069a\u0647 \u0648\u0647. \u062a\u0631 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u06d0 \u06a9\u0686\u06d0 \u0633\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b \u062f \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u06cc. \u062e\u0648 \u00ab\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0644\u0627 \u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0686\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f6<\/span><\/span>. \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0: \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0689\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f1<\/span><\/span>. \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u06cc\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0646\u0689 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628: \u062f \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0681\u0648\u064a. \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u064a (20:114) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648\u064a (39:9). \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u064a \ufdfa \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0681 \u0648\u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0644\u0647 <\/span><\/span>(Bukhari 101). \u062f <\/span><\/span>IIFA \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f5 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u062f \u062d\u0642\/\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\/\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f2<\/span><\/span>. \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0641\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0648\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0693\u0644 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0647. \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u064a. \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u060c \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u067c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f \u06ab\u06bc\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f3<\/span><\/span>. \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0647. \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u067e\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0646\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067c\u06a9\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644. \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u06a9\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0635\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u064a\/\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f4<\/span><\/span>. \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647\u06d0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc. \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u062a \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u00ab\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u00bb \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f5<\/span><\/span>. \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u0696\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u063a\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u06d0 \u062f\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a. \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06d0 \u0628\u06bc\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u064a. \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06a9\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u00ab\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00bb \u0628\u0644\u0644 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f6<\/span><\/span>. \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0639\u0645\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. \u06a9\u0647 \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u067c\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u064a. \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u00bb \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u00ab\u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0647\u00bb \u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f7<\/span><\/span>. \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u06cc\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062a\u0647\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f8<\/span><\/span>. \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u0642 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0693\u064a (4:58; 5:8; 42:38; 16:90). \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0628\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0681\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f9<\/span><\/span>. \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0648: \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0689\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>: UNAMA \u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0693\u06cc. \u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/span><\/span>\u00bb (Selective Adaptation) \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f0<\/span><\/span>. \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0642\u064a \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0647\u061b \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0642\u06cd\u060c \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062a\u0647. \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u06cc\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0689\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u067c \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a. \u062f \u00ab\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u00bb \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f1<\/span><\/span>. \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0647. \u062f \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u06cc. \u00ab\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647\u00bb \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u061b \u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0638\u0644\u0645 \u062f \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06d0\u0632\u0645 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f2<\/span><\/span>. \u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e\u062a\u06ab \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u062e\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631 \u0686\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u067c\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a <\/span><\/span>(State Capacity)\u060c \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0\u060c \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cd \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0646\u06d0 <\/span><\/span>(Policy-Making) \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a. \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0693\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f3<\/span><\/span>. \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0648\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644. \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cd\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u067c\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u0698\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062a\u0647. \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0642\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a\u06ab \u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u0646\u0648 \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u064a\u00bb \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f4<\/span><\/span>. \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0644 \u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06d0\u0632\u0645\u060c \u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u06d0 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0689\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06ab. \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u061b \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f7<\/span><\/span>. \u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6\u2013\u06f2\u06f0\u06f3\u06f1 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u06d0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f7<\/span><\/span>.\u06f1 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647: \u0644\u0646\u0689\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u0698\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f7<\/span><\/span>.\u06f2 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0640 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0645\u069a\u062a. \u062f\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 <\/span><\/span>IIFA \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0647\u0645\u063a\u0696\u06cd \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f7<\/span><\/span>.\u06f3 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0634\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06cc\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f7<\/span><\/span>.\u06f4 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 <\/span><\/span>(Institutional Transformation)<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\/\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f8<\/span><\/span>. \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u067c\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cd\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0689\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u067c\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062a\u0647. \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0642\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a\u06ab \u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u06ab\u0689 \u0627\u0646\u0681\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/span><\/span>\u00bb (Selective Adaptation) \u062f\u06cc: \u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a: \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u064a. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06ab\u0644\u0647\u200c\u062f\u06d0\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06ab\u0689 \u067c\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06d0 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0640 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062f \u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0644 \u0634\u064a. \u062f \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0648 \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631-\u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0647 <\/span><\/span>(Human Capital) \u06cc\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a. \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u062e\u06d0\u0632 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/span><\/span>\u00bb (Selective Adaptation) \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u06d0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0640 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 <\/span><\/span>modernization \u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 <\/span><\/span>selective continuity \u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f <\/span><\/span>state transformation\u060c <\/span><\/span>institutional hybridity\u060c <\/span><\/span>legitimacy \u0627\u0648 <\/span><\/span>policy adaptation \u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0632\u0645\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f9<\/span><\/span>.\u00a0\u062f \u0685\u06cc\u0693\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 <\/span><\/span>(Selective Adaptation) \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cd\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0648 \u0698\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061b \u062f \u069a\u0681\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u062f \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u06d0 \u0628\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u0648<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0647\u0646\u062f \u06f2\u06f1\u06f3 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u06d0 \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0647 <\/span><\/span>(Human Capital) \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0648 \u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0634 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06d0 \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u06d0 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u069a\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u062f \u06ab\u0689 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u069a\u064a\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0647\u06d0\u00bb \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a <\/span><\/span>(State Capacity) \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f <\/span><\/span>(Social Trust) \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0647\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u00ab\u0645\u0646\u0681\u0644\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628\u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06cd \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Selective Adaptation \u062f \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span>(Normative Continuity) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0648\u0627\u067c\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u06f2\u06f0<\/span><\/span>. \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d0<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

International Islamic Fiqh Academy. (2022, December 23). IIFA statement on denying Afghan girls the right to school and university education.\u00a0https:\/\/iifa-aifi.org\/en\/41095.html<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Muslim World League. (2025, January 17). Islamabad Declaration on Girls Education in Muslim Communities.\u00a0https:\/\/themwl.org\/en\/islamabad-declaration-girls-education-muslim-communities<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Pew Research Center. (2025). How the global religious landscape changed from 2010 to 2020: Muslim population change.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.58094\/fj71-ny11<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

UN Women. (2025). Gender Index 2024: Afghanistan.\u00a0https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/digital-library\/publications\/2025\/06\/afghanistan-gender-index-2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan. (2024). Media freedom in Afghanistan.\u00a0https:\/\/unama.unmissions.org\/sites\/default\/files\/unama_report_on_media_freedom_in_afghanistan.pdf<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

UNESCO. (2026a, August 11). Five years on: UNESCO calls for the full restoration of the right to education for Afghan girls and women.\u00a0https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/articles\/five-years-unesco-calls-full-restoration-right-education-afghan-girls-and-women<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

UNESCO. (2026b, August 14). Five years on: Keeping learning alive for girls and women in Afghanistan.\u00a0https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/articles\/five-years-keeping-learning-alive-girls-and-women-afghanistan<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

UNESCO & UNICEF. (2026, January 24). UNESCO and UNICEF urge action to protect the right to education in Afghanistan.\u00a0https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/articles\/unesco-and-unicef-urge-action-protect-right-education-afghanistan<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (n.d.). Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley.\u00a0https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/208\/<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

World Bank. (2026, May 26). Afghanistan\u2019s economy shows resilience but living standards are falling.\u00a0https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2026\/05\/26\/afghanistan-s-economy-shows-resilience-but-living-standards-are-falling<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

World Bank. (2026, May 26). Afghanistan Development Update: Spring 2026.\u00a0https:\/\/thedocs.worldbank.org\/en\/doc\/e8eeba3d8d46fccafe273e30dff8f595-0310012026\/original\/Spring-ADU-May-26-2026-Final.pdf<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

World Bank Gender Data Portal. (2026). School enrollment, tertiary, female (% gross), and tertiary gender parity indicators: Morocco. Data source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.\u00a0https:\/\/genderdata.worldbank.org\/<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kingdom of Morocco. (2011). Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Constitute Project. (2002). Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (1945 Constitution, as amended through 2002). Comparative Constitutions Project.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The Qur\u2019an. Verses cited: 4:58; 5:8; 16:90; 20:114; 39:9; 42:38; 96:1\u20135.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Al-Bukhari, M. I. Sahih al-Bukhari, Book of Knowledge, Hadith 101.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. Sahih Muslim, Hadith 2699a.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

MD., PhD<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=188488<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n

\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0628\u067e\u0627\u06bc\u0647:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0\u00a0Donate Here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a: \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06d0 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u061b \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06f1\u06f5 \u0627\u06ab\u0633\u062a \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6\u00a0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647: \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a (Human Security)\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u060c 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