{"id":184772,"date":"2026-04-06T11:33:04","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T11:33:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=184772"},"modified":"2026-04-06T13:10:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T13:10:28","slug":"%d8%af-%d8%af%db%8c%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%82%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%8c-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d9%88-%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%88-%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%da%a9%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=184772","title":{"rendered":"\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632-\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"
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 <\/p>\n

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\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062f \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0693\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0685\u0646\u06ab \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u0637\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 (Psychology) \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 (Social Psychology) \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u0646\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u06d0\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u200c\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u0647.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632-\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc (\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f)\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0631-\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0632\u063a\u0645\u060c \u062f \u0698\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d0 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u067c\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06ab\u0648\u0627\u069a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0632\u063a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0685\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u0648\u0681\u064a.<\/p>\n

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\u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0693 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06d0\u060c \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0631 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f1. \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0647<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0631 \u0632\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0698\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06ab\u0689 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u06ab\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0627 \u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f \u0633\u0628\u06a9\u060c \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062f \u06a9\u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u069a\u0648\u062f\u0644\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u062e\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0681\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0627 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0681\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0633\u0628\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0645 \u0632\u063a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u06d0\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0698\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u064a \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f2. \u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647: \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0685\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0646\u062c \u0646\u0647 \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0698\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0634\u06a9\u060c \u0648\u06d0\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u06ab\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cd \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f3. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a-\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u064a-\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u06d0.\u067e\u064a.\u0627\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 (APA Dictionary of Psychology) \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u06ab\u067c\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0\u060c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0648 (Peer-Reviewed) \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 (Cognitive Psychology) \u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 (Social Psychology) \u062f \u0689\u0644\u06d0\u060c \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u00ab\u0645\u0648\u0696\/\u0647\u063a\u0648\u06cc\u00bb \u062f \u0648\u06d0\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06d0\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627 \u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0627\u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0648\u06d0\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0698\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u064a \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f4. \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632-\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc (\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f)<\/p>\n

Cognitive Rigidity<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u063a\u0645 \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u067c\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0689\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u0648\u0631-\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631<\/p>\n

Dichotomous Thinking<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u067e\u06d0\u0686\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0635\u0641\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cd \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0632\u063a\u0645<\/p>\n

Intolerance of Uncertainty<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u0644\u0647 \u00ab\u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u00bb \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u069a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u064a \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n

Need for Cognitive Closure<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u0698\u0631 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u06ab\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u067c\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/p>\n

Ingroup Bias<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696\/\u0647\u063a\u0648\u06cc\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u067c\u0646 \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u06ab\u0648\u0627\u069a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n

Threat Perception<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u062f \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646<\/p>\n

Moral Absolutism<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u067c\u06cc\u067c\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u067e\u06d0\u0686\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u0627<\/p>\n

Low Integrative Complexity<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u0646\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u067c\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n

Confirmation Bias<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06a9\u06d0\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06a9\u06d0 \u062c\u0648\u0693 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648<\/p>\n

Mental Set<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u067e\u06d0\u069a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u062a\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a<\/p>\n

Authority Bias<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0634 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n

Emotional Reasoning<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u063a\u0648\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u06d0\u0631\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u00ab \u00a0\u0628\u06cc \u0681\u0627 \u06cc\u0647 \u00bb\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062a \u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0648\u06d0\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n

Fear-Based Messaging<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0689\u0644\u06d0\u0632 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632<\/p>\n

Group Conformity<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u062d\u0644\u0642\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n

Delegitimization of Dissent<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u06d0\u062a\u06cd \u0628\u062f\u0644\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n

Outcome Neglect<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632: \u062f \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0696\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0681\u064a\u060c \u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f5. \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc (\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f)<\/p>\n

Cognitive Rigidity<\/p>\n

\u0641\u06a9\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cd \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u06d0.\u067e\u064a.\u0627\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u063a\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u067c\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0689\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0631\u0645\u06d0 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f6. \u062a\u0648\u0631-\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631<\/p>\n

Dichotomous Thinking<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0631-\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u067e\u06d0\u0686\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u064a: \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u0645\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u06d0.\u067e\u064a.\u0627\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u0631-\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u06ab\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062f \u00ab\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0647\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0642\u00bb \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u06ab\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f7. \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0632\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u064a \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n

Intolerance of Uncertainty \/ Need for Cognitive Closure<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0632\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u06cd \u0632\u063a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0698\u0631 \u06cc\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a. \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u00ab\u062a\u0693\u0644\u064a \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647\u00bb \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0698\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u067c\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u00ab\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0\u0696\u0645\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u00bb \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u0644\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0686\u067c\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0648 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f8. \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u067c\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/p>\n

Ingroup Bias<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u0689\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u062f \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u067c\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06ab\u06bc\u0644 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f \u00ab\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u0647\u063a\u0648\u06cc\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u067c\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u063a\u067c \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0689\u0644\u06d0\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f9. \u062f \u06ab\u0648\u0627\u069a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a<\/p>\n

Threat Perception \/ Defensive Judgment<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f \u00ab\u062e\u0637\u0631\u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u06ab\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u06ab\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u06d0\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0644\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u062a\u0634\u0646\u062c \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f0. \u062f \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0622\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u062f \u062d\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647<\/p>\n

\u062f \u063a\u0644\u0627 \u062f \u062d\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 (\u06f5:\u06f3\u06f8) \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0642\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062c\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u06d7 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0632\u064c \u062d\u064e\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064c<\/p>\n

\u0698\u0628\u0627\u0693\u0647: \u00ab\u062f \u063a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0685 \u06a9\u0693\u0626\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0648\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0632\u0627\u061b \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0685\u069a\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u06cc.\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0622\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u00ab\u062d\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u00bb \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u067c\u06a9\u06cc \u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u0633\u0627\u062d\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u0644\u0631\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u062f \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0622\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u064a: \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0645 \u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062f\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0696\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u061f<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f1. \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a-\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u00a0\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u00a0( \u0631\u0636 )\u062f \u0642\u062d\u0637\u06cd \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u063a\u0644\u0627 \u062f \u062d\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0642 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062f \u00ab\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u00bb \u0642\u062d\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0647. \u067e\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u0696\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u062d\u0637 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u063a\u0644\u0627 \u062f \u062d\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc: \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u00bb\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0642\u062d\u0637 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0640 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0640 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u061b<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0642\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u0646\u06ab \u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u00ab\u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0642\u00bb \u0628\u0644\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u00ab\u062a\u0639\u0637\u06cc\u0644\u00bb\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u0696\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647: \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u06cc\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u00ab\u063a\u0644\u0627\u00bb \u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0642\u062d\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u064a\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0627 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

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\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u06d0\u0696\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u062f \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f2. \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0631\u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u0646\u06ab \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u062a \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062d\u0642 \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0642 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u064a:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0651\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u062d\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0640\u0670\u0647\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0640\u0670\u0647\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u064c…<\/p>\n

\u0698\u0628\u0627\u0693\u0647: \u00ab\u0648\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0647: \u0632\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u06cc\u0645\u061b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062f\u06cc…\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627 \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u060c \u062d\u0642\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a. \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0648\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n

\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u064a \u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0627\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u06ab\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0631\u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u06ab\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0634\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u062a\u0634\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u0648\u0627\u067c\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u067e\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f2-\u0627\u0644\u0641. \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u060c \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627<\/p>\n

\u062f \u069a\u0681\u06d0\u060c \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062d \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u069a\u0681\u0647 \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 (\u00ab \u00a0\u2026.. \u0646\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0647\u060c\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u069a\u0681\u06cc \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u2026\u2026\u00bb\u00a0 \u00a0\u0627\u0648 \u2026. \u00a0\u00ab\u2026\u2026\u062e\u0637 \u069a\u0681\u06cc \u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647 \u069a\u06cc\u0648\u06cd .\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u0686\u06cc \u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0637 \u0648 \u069a\u0648\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u067e\u0647 \u06d0 \u2026.\u062f \u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u06cc \u0631 \u0627\u0681\u06d0\u2026\u2026\u00bb\u00a0\u0686\u06cc \u00a0\u062f \u069a\u0681\u06d0 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u06ab\u06bc\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0648 \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06d0\u060c \u0633\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0634\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u060c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0685\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0681\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0633\u067e\u06a9\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f3. \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0685\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u062f\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0634\u062f\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0645\u063a\u0634\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u06d0\u0634\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u06d0\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0686\u06d0 \u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u062a \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06d0\u060c \u0633\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u067e\u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f4. \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0685\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0627: \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06d0\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0633\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062d\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u0647: \u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0632\u0693\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u069a\u0644\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639: \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0644 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u062a: \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u063a\u0645: \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u061b \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0646\u069a\u06d0 \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0644: \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a: \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06d0\u060c \u0633\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0634\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u067c\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u062d\u0642 \u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u0646\u06ab \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u06cc\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062d\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0639\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0648\u069a\u064a\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0633\u067e\u06a9\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0632\u0693\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0648\u06d0\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f5. \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u0698\u0628\u06d0\u060c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0647. \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u063a\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0632\u063a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0648\u06bc\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u064a. \u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0631-\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0632\u063a\u0645\u060c \u062f \u0698\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0689\u0644\u06d0\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u062f \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u0631 \u062f\u06cc.<\/b><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u06ab\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0646\u062c \u0646\u0647 \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u06d0\u0634 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cd \u0646\u0647 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0631\u06a9\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0685\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0628\u069a\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0681\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0693 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u069a\u0681\u06d0\u060c \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f6. \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u062a \u06f3\u06f8.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0647\u0641\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u062a \u06f1\u06f1\u06f0.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u062a \u06f6.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u062a \u06f2\u06f1.<\/p>\n

\u2022 American Psychological Association. APA Dictionary of Psychology: Rigidity; Dichotomous Thinking.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Zmigrod, L., Rentfrow, P. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2019). Cognitive inflexibility predicts extremist attitudes. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 989.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Growiec, K., & Szumowska, E. (2026). Need for cognitive closure predicts preference for similar others and reduced diversity in social networks. Scientific Reports.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Obaidi, M., et al. (2023). Cultural threat perceptions predict violent extremism via need for cognitive closure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 120(20), e2213874120.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f \u00ab\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u00bb \u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 American Psychological Association. APA Dictionary of Psychology: Ingroup Bias; Confirmation Bias; Mental Set; Emotional Reasoning.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994). Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1049\u20131062.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Kruglanski, A. W. (2004). The Psychology of Closed Mindedness. New York: Psychology Press.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Carleton, R. N. (2016). Into the unknown: A review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 39, 30\u201343.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175\u2013220.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Tetlock, P. E. (1983). Cognitive style and political belief systems in the British House of Commons. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(2), 365\u2013375.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Al-Sarakhsi, Shams al-Din. Al-Mabsut. (\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646\u0647).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Ibn Qudamah, Muwaffaq al-Din. Al-Mughni. (\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u062d\u0637\u06cd \u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Ibn al-Qayyim. I\u2018lam al-Muwaqqi\u2018in. (\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646\u0647).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

06.04.2026<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=184654<\/div>\n
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\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0Donate Here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632-\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627   \u062f \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u064a \u06cc\u0627 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":180590,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[12704,12515],"class_list":["post-184772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-11","tag-12704","tag-12515"],"yoast_head":"\n\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632-\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 - 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