{"id":183222,"date":"2026-02-20T13:33:49","date_gmt":"2026-02-20T13:33:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=183222"},"modified":"2026-02-20T13:34:29","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T13:34:29","slug":"%d8%af-%d8%a8%db%90%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%88-%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=183222","title":{"rendered":"\u062f \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u062f \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a\/\u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0622\u0641\u062a: \u00a0\u062f \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06cc\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<blockquote>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 (\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647: \u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a \u06a9\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u00ab\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a\u00bb \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u067e\u067c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u062c\u0646\u0689\u0627 \u062f \u067e\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u067e\u0631 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u0642\u06cc\u0686\u064a\/\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u064a (scissors) \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0631 \u06ab\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0685\u0648 \u062f \u00ab\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u00bb \u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u062f \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u06ab\u067c\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0648 \u062f \u06ab\u067c\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u00ab\u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0637\u064a\u00bb \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u062a \u062f \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u06d0 \u06ab\u067c\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0644\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>Key Statement (\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0681)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u201c\u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u201d \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06ab\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>Critical Claim Under Review (\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0645)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a\/\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645: \u201c \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0693 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\/\u062f\u0648\u0627\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647: \u00a0\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645\/\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0681\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0685\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a. \u00a0\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u060c\u0686\u06cc \u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u06d0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>Abstract (<\/strong><strong>\u0644\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0632<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0647 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u062e\u067e\u0631\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u201c\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f (\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646)\u2026\u2026 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u062f \u0642\u0648\u0645\/\u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00a0\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u060c \u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u06d0 \u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0637\u0628\/\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\/\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0646\u0647 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648 (ingredients)\u060c \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u062f \u0635\u062f\u0642\/\u062f\u0631\u063a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a (integrity vs fraud)\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a \u06ab\u067c\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u062c\u0648\u0693\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u201d \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 (\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b: \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb)\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\/\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 16:116) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621 17:36) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a\/\u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647 (substandard\/falsified \u2014 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647\/\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a) \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 (\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u06ab \u0698\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u067c\u064a\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a) \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u062f TB (\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0646\u0681) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u067c\u064a\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647\/\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f AMR (Antimicrobial Resistance \u2014 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u067c\u064a\u200c\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a) \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0681\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0644 \u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u064a \u067c\u06a9\u064a: \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\/\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u060c substandard (\u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647)\u060c falsified (\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a)\u060c AMR (\u062f \u0627\u0646\u067c\u064a\u200c\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a) TB (\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0646\u0681) drug resistance (\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a)\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u06f1) Introduction (\u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0647)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 5:32\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629 2:195). \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u0628\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u2013\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a: \u201c\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06d0 \u062f\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u061b \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06cc:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00a0\u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u00a0 \u062f \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0648\u06a9\u0648\/\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a ( \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0648 \u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0632\u06cd \u062c\u06cc : \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cd \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0648 \u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0648)\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u061b \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0627 \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u062f \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u06f2) Methodology (\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u062f)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645: \u062f \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\/\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 16:116)\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0681\u0627\u0646\/\u0628\u0644 \u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 4:29\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629 2:195).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u201d: \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0639 (\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b: \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 (\u062f WHO (World Health Organization \u2014 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646) \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0645): \u062f substandard (\u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647) \u0627\u0648 falsified (\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a) \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0685\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06cc\/\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\/ \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647: \u062f AMR (\u062f \u0627\u0646\u067c\u064a\u200c\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a) \u0627\u0648 \u062f substandard\/falsified (\u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647\/\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a) \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647: \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647\/\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0646\u067c\u064a\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u06cd \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a (\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a-\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u06a9\u0645\/\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0645 API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient \u2014 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647)\u060c \u06a9\u06a9\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0644).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642\u064a \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u0647 (TB (\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0646\u0681)): \u062f TB (\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0646\u0681) \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u2013\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647\u060c \u0685\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06ab\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\/\u06a9\u0645\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>Operational Definitions (\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">Substandard (\u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647): \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0686\u06d0 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b\/\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">Falsified (\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a): \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0686\u06d0 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u06f3) \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647: \u067e\u0647 \u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u201c\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\/\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u201d \u0647\u06cc\u0685\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d0\u0696\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3.\u06f1) \u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\/\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u062e\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0648 \u201c\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u201d \u0648\u067c\u0627\u06a9\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 16:116). \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u201c\u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0693\u201d \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u06d0 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u064a \u062f\u0647\u061b \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a: \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u06a9\u0647\/\u063a\u0634\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u2014\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3.\u06f2) \u062f \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u201d \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u201c\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u201d \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a (\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b: \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb). \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0647: \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u06a9\u06a9\u0693\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0631\u06ab\/\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\/\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\/\u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\/\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a \u067e\u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3.\u06f3) \u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc (\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062e \u06a9\u0693\u064a. \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u2014\u062f \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0648 ( \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u201c\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u201d) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u06cc ( \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 5:32\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629 2:195). \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u2013\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u06a9\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u06f4) \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f: \u201c\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u201d \u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f4.\u06f1) \u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\/\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\/\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u064a \u0648\u064a (\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u06a9\u0647). \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u201c\u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u201d \u062f \u062d\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u061b \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0686\u0627\u0642\/\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0632\u0645\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u06d0\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0685\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f4.\u06f2) \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647: Falsified \u0627\u0648 Substandard \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062f \u201c\u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645\u201d \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u064a. substandard\/falsified \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0685\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06d0\u060c \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0689 supply chain\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0686\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a\/\u06a9\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06ab\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u06f5) \u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627: \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647\/\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f5.\u06f1) \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u06ab \u0698\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647\/\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06ab \u0698\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0681\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u064a. \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0645\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0646\u0689 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f5.\u06f2) AMR \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a\/\u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u067c\u064a\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u067c\u064a\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0632\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644 substandard \u0648\u064a (\u06a9\u0645 bioavailability) \u06cc\u0627 falsified \u0648\u064a (\u063a\u0644\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\/\u06a9\u06a9\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\/\u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0644)\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f5.\u06f3)\u00a0 (API)\u00a0 \u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a-\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06d0 API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient \u2014 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647) \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u062c\u0630\u0628\/\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a-\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 (sub-therapeutic exposure) \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0681\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u0646\u06ab \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062f \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f5.\u06f4) \u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u06ab\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0631<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06d0 \u069a\u0681\u06d0\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u06ab\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06a9\u06a9\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u062f \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u061b \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u06f6<\/strong><strong>) TB\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u062f<\/strong> <strong>\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644<\/strong><strong>\u2013<\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a<\/strong> <strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><strong>\u062f<\/strong> <strong>\u063a\u0644\u0637<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0648<\/strong> <strong>\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06ab\u0693\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633<\/strong> <strong>\u062e\u0637\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">TB (\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0646\u0681) \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06ab\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\/\u06a9\u0645\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u062f TB (\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0646\u0681) relapse \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 TB (drug-resistant TB \u2014 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0646\u0681) \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u06f7) \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u2013\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647: \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u201c\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u0646\u0639\u201d \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a\/\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627: \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u060c \u063a\u0634\u060c \u062f \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\/\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\/\u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a\u2014\u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u064a (\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b: \u00ab\u0645\u064e\u0646 \u063a\u064e\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u06cc\u0633\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0627\u00bb).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627 (substandard \u2014 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647): \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u064a\/\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646: \u0686\u06d0 \u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u06d0\u0631\u0648\/\u0634\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621 17:36).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0648\u0632\u0644\u064a: \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u06ab\u069a\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u06cd \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u201c\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0627\u0648 \u201c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u201d \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0689\u06d0 supply chain: \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0686\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f substandard\/falsified (\u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647\/\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a) \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u0646\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647: \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u067c\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u064a\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0681\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0( self Medication \u00a0\u0681\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0647 ) \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u064a\u061b \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">AMR\/TB \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u06ab\u0689 \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061b \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0681\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06cc\u062a: \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u06f8) \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 (\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\/\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0628\u062a\/\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0632\u0645\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0681\u0648\u0626\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f TB (\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0646\u0681) \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u067c\u064a\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u067c\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u06a9\u0693\u0626\u061b \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06ab\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0693\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061b \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a\u2013\u0637\u0628\u064a \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0689\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\/\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0644 (\u062b\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631-\u0685\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632\u0645\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u06d0).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0686\u0627\u0642\/\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u200c\u0632\u0646\u0681\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0647\u0645\u063a\u0696\u06d0 \u0647\u0644\u06d0\u200c\u0681\u0644\u06d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f TB (\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0646\u0681) \u0627\u0648 AMR (\u062f \u0627\u0646\u067c\u064a\u200c\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a) \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645 (adherence support \u2014 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\/\u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693) \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u06f9) Conclusion (\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u062f \u201c\u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\/\u0642\u0648\u0645\u201d \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u062a\u0693\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u061b \u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u064a \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a\/\u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u06ab \u0698\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 AMR\/TB \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0637\u0628 \u06ab\u0689 \u0645\u06a9\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u062f \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\/\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">Final Message to the People (\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u0645)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0648 \u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648<\/strong><strong>!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. \u06a9\u0647 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u0693\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 16:116\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621 17:36). \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062e \u06a9\u0648\u064a (\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b: \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645\u201d \u0645\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0626\u061b \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a\u201d \u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0626. \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u067c\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0626\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0646\u067c\u064a\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 TB (\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0646\u0681) \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06ab\u0693\u06cc \u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u0696\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0645\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u0626. \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u069a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u062f \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062f \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0685\u069a\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u062f\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u06a9\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u069a\u062a \u0645\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u0633\u062a (Abbreviations)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">AMR \u2014 Antimicrobial Resistance \u2014 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u067c\u064a\u200c\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">TB \u2014 Tuberculosis \u2014 \u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0646\u0681<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">API \u2014 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient \u2014 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">WHO \u2014 World Health Organization \u2014 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">MDR-TB \u2014 Multidrug-resistant TB \u2014 \u062f \u0685\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0646\u0681<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">RR-TB \u2014 Rifampicin-resistant TB \u2014 \u062f \u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0646\u0681<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0646\u0647 <\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0641) \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0648\u063a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">World Health Organization (WHO). Substandard and falsified medical products. Fact sheet. 3 December 2024.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">World Health Organization (WHO). Substandard and falsified medical products. Health topic.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">Zabala GA, et al. Substandard and falsified antibiotics: neglected drivers of antimicrobial resistance. BMJ Global Health. 2022.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">Cavany S, et al. The uncertain role of substandard and falsified medicines in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Nature Communications. 2023.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">World Health Organization (WHO). Tuberculosis: multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) or rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB). Q&amp;A. 20 May 2024.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0628) \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\/\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0622\u064a\u0629 116.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0622\u064a\u0629 36.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0622\u064a\u0629 29.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0622\u064a\u0629 195.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0622\u064a\u0629 32.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645: \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u00ab\u0645\u064e\u0646 \u063a\u064e\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u06cc\u0633\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0627\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647: \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u06cc\u0629 (\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646): \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0644\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06cc<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u062a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06d0 20.02.2026<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"u4wkngVlif\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=182504\">\u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a: \u062f \u06a9\u0689\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 (\u062f \u06f3\u06f7 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06cc\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;\u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a: \u062f \u06a9\u0689\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 (\u062f 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