{"id":180559,"date":"2025-12-05T19:42:45","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T19:42:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=180559"},"modified":"2025-12-06T13:18:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-06T13:18:03","slug":"%d8%af-%da%a9%d9%88%d9%86%da%93-%d8%af-%d8%b3%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%a8%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%88-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%88-%d8%af-%d8%ac%d9%88%da%93%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=180559","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u06d0\u060c \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062d\u0642"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u06cc\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0642 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0632 (Abstract)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u06a9\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062e\u06cc\u0628\u0631 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u064a. \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0:<br \/>\n\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0642 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u06ab\u06bc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06d0\u06cc\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">(\u06f1) \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 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\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f9)\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u06ab\u06bc\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">(\u06f3) \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u2026\u00bb \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u060c \u062f \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f 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\u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06d0 \u067c\u06cc\u0646\u06ab\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cd\u060c \u062f \u06ab\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u060c \u062f \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0647\u0645\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u06d0 (Keywords):<br \/>\n\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06a9\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1. \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0647 (Introduction)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0686\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f\u06cc. \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u06cc\u06d0 \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u064a. \u062f \u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0644\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u0648\u0686\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cd\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0647\u06bc\u06d0 \u067c\u06cc\u067c\u0647 \u06a9\u0686\u0647\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0646\u0689\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062e \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062f\u0647. \u062f\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u0648 \u0685\u0648 \u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0631 \u069a\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0693\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0698\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0645\u0646\u06cd \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a (Dupree, 1973). \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u069a\u06a9\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062e\u06cc\u0628\u0631 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u0686\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u0640 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0636\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0646\u0648\u0681\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u0647\u06bc\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0698\u06cc\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u064a (Khan et al., 2020\u061b Khan, 2023). \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a (hydropolitics) \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u064a (Nori, 2020\u061b Malik, 2019\u061b Shams &amp; Muhammad, 2022\u061b Andik &amp; Mianabadi, 2023).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0648 \u0685\u0648 \u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-180560\" src=\"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Kunr-river-300x166.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"372\" height=\"206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Kunr-river-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Kunr-river-1024x565.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Kunr-river-768x424.jpg 768w, https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Kunr-river.jpg 1065w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2. \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2.\u06f1. \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a:<br \/>\n\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u06cc\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0642 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u06ab\u06bc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2.\u06f2. \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u069a\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1. \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0633\u0631\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u067e\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 (\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u06a9\u0631\u069a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647) \u0685\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u061f<br \/>\n\u06f2. \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061f<br \/>\n\u06f3. \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0681\u0645\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061f<br \/>\n\u06f4. \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647\u06d0 \u062f \u06ab\u0689 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u00ab\u062d\u0642\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u06d0\u00bb \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061f<br \/>\n\u06f5. \u062f hydropolitics \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062a\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2.\u06f3. \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u0648:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0634\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0648\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u200c\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u06ab\u0689 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u06a9\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0681 \u062f \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u00ab\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u00bb \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0640 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u06ab\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3. \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u064a (Methodology)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u064a \u0640 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u0647. \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0685\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u0648\u0693 \u06a9\u0693\u064a. \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1. \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f:<br \/>\n\u062f \u0645\u0644\u06ab\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f7\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a (United Nations, 1997\u061b United Nations Treaty Collection, n.d.).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2. \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d0:<br \/>\n\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f4)\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f9)\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u064a (Constitution of Afghanistan, 2004\u061b Water Law, 2009\u061b Ahmad, 2013\u061b Bidabadi, 2020).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3. \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d0:<br \/>\n\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062b (\u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u2026\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u06d0 (General Iftaa\u2019 Department, 2017\u061b Haddad, 2025).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f4. \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0640 \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 hydropolitics \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0:<br \/>\n\u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693\/\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 hydropolitics \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u064a (Khan et al., 2020\u061b Khan, 2023\u061b Shah et al., 2023\u061b Nori, 2020\u061b Malik, 2019\u061b Shams &amp; Muhammad, 2022\u061b Andik &amp; Mianabadi, 2023).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f5. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u0640 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u067e\u0633\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631:<br \/>\n\u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0681\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a (Dupree, 1973).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0685\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u06ab\u0689\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u06ab\u0689\u06d0 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0648\u06ab\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f4. \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c (International Legal Framework)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f4.\u06f1. \u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0635\u0644<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0645\u0644\u06ab\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 (\u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f7) \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u00ab\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u06d0\u00bb \u062f\u06cc. \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0636\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u064a \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u062f \u06a9\u0686\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0631 \u0636\u06cc \u06a9\u0631 \u069a\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0644\u0696 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u0647\u06bc\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0685\u069a\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u064a (Ahmad, 2013\u061b Khan, 2023). \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a (Nori, 2020).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f4.\u06f2. \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0693 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644 (No Significant Harm)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u00ab\u062f \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0693 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0647\u00bb \u062f\u0647. \u06cc\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a \u06ab\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0693\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062f \u06a9\u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u067c\u06a9\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0648\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0647\u06bc\u06d0\u060c \u0685\u069a\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632\u06d0\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u062a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0634\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u06ab\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0689\u064a \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0685 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a (Khan et al., 2020\u061b Shams &amp; Muhammad, 2022). \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u06d0 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f4.\u06f3. \u062f \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u06a9\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u062a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u062f \u0633\u0631\u062d\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u06a9\u0631\u069a\u0648) \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a. \u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06ab\u0689\u06d0 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u06a9\u0645\u06d0\u067c\u06d0 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0693\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u060c \u0645\u062e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0648\u067e\u0644\u067c\u064a (United Nations, 1997\u061b Shah et al., 2023).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u069a\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u06ab\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0648 \u062f \u069a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0\u060c \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u06ab\u0689\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062c\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u064a (Malik, 2019\u061b Andik &amp; Mianabadi, 2023).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f5. \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c (National Legal Framework)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f5.\u06f1. \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f4) \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u060c \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06ab\u06bc\u064a. \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u06a9\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a (Constitution of Afghanistan, 2004). \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0685\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u064a \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0681\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u00ab\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0633\u0631\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u06a9\u0631\u069a\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u062f\u0644 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u064a (Bidabadi, 2020).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f5.\u06f2. \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f9) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f9) \u067e\u0647 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06d0\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u067e\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a (Water Law, 2009\u061b Ahmad, 2013). \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06d0\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u064a \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c\u0647 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1. \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061b<br \/>\n\u06f2. \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u06a9\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u06ab\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061b<br \/>\n\u06f3. \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06ab\u067c\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u063a\u0696\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06cc (Bidabadi, 2020).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f6. \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u067c (Islamic Legal Framework)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f6.\u06f1. \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u064a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00ab\u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0621\u064d \u062d\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064d\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0621: \u06f3\u06f0)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00ab\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0645\u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0634\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u069a\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0641\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (\u062c) \u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u062a \u062f\u06cc. \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0636\u06cc\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06ab\u067c\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0631 \u062f \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u064a (General Iftaa\u2019 Department, 2017).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u06cc\u062b\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061b \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0685 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0689\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0646\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0642 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f6.\u06f2. \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u06d0 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00ab\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0644.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0685\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u0647\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u062d\u0642 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0693 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u062f\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0681\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u062f \u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0647\u06bc\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u0634\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0681\u0645\u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06ab\u0648\u0627\u069a \u0648\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u06d0 \u0648\u0693 \u062f\u064a. \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0631 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0686\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f \u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f6.\u06f3. \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u060c \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636\u00bb (\u062f \u0681\u0645\u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0644) \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00bb \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u0648\u0686\u0648 \u0681\u0645\u06a9\u0648 \u062e\u0693\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cd \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u063a\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f \u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u064a\u064a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0648 \u0640 \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u06d0 \u0640 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u06d0 \u06ab\u067c\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u062f \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0645\u0624\u0627\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a (General Iftaa\u2019 Department, 2017).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f7. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b: \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u06d0 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f7.\u06f1. \u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0693\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0693\u0648\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u067c\u06a9\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1. \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0693 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u064a (United Nations, 1997\u061b Khan et al., 2020\u061b Shams &amp; Muhammad, 2022).<br \/>\n\u06f2. \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u06a9\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a\u061b \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u062f\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a (Water Law, 2009\u061b Ahmad, 2013\u061b Bidabadi, 2020).<br \/>\n\u06f3. \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a \u06ab\u06bc\u064a. \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u06ab\u0648\u0627\u069a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc (General Iftaa\u2019 Department, 2017\u061b Haddad, 2025).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f7.\u06f2. \u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u06d0\u060c \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0698\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u00ab\u062d\u0642\u00bb \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u06a9\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0685\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u067c\u06a9\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1. \u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u064a. \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0685\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u00ab\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u00bb \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u00ab\u06a9\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u06d0\u00bb \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2. \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0686\u0648\u064a. \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u06a9\u0631\u069a\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0681\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u062f \u0642\u062d\u0637\u06cd\u060c \u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062e \u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u060c \u062f \u0646\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06cc (Water Law, 2009\u061b Bidabadi, 2020).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3. hydropolitics \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u0627\u06ab\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u06ab\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u06d0 \u062f \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u067c\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0681\u06d0\u0696\u064a (Khan et al., 2020\u061b Andik &amp; Mianabadi, 2023).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f4. \u0648\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u06d0 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693\u060c \u062f \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0646\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0640 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0640 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0631\u0648\u062d \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f7.\u06f3. \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u062f \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1. \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u06ab\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06ab\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0689\u064a \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0693\u060c \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0681\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cd\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f benefit-sharing\u060c \u06ab\u0689\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u064a (Malik, 2019\u061b Shams &amp; Muhammad, 2022\u061b Shah et al., 2023).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2. \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u06ab \u0631\u0627\u062a\u06ab \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0681\u0646\u06ab\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0693\u06d0 \u06a9\u0631\u0647\u06bc\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0632 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0647 Environmental Impact Assessment \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u0681\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06d0 \u0681\u0645\u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693 \u062a\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u06a9\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f \u062a\u0644 \u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0681\u0646\u06ab\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u00ab\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636\u00bb \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3. \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u067c\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0628\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u06d0 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u062c\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0689\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062a \u060c \u063a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 ( \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u06d0 \u0645\u062f \u0646\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc) \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06ab\u067c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f8 . \u067e\u0627 \u06cc\u0644\u0647 ( conclusion )<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062d\u0642<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0685\u062e\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0646\u0689\u0648 \u062e\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u0696\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1. \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0693 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2. \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0696\u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u0633\u0631\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u06a9\u0631\u069a\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0698\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3. \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644 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dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2. \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u06ab\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u06ab\u0689 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u06a9\u0645\u06d0\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647<br \/>\n\u062f \u06ab\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0689\u064a \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u06d0\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u06cc\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u060c \u06ab\u067c\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a 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\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u064a\u064a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u064a. \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06ab\u067c\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06ab\u0631\u0648\u0647\u064a \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a (\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0634\u0644 \u06a9\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0686\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647)\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>References (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Ahmad, T. (2013). Legislation on use of water in agriculture: Afghanistan. Washington, DC: Law Library of Congress.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Ahmad, T. (2013). Legislation on use of water in agriculture: Comparative summary. Washington, DC: Law Library of Congress.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Andik, B., &amp; Mianabadi, H. (2023). Hydropolitics of the Kabul River Basin: The role of water in Afghanistan\u2013Pakistan interactions. Water and Irrigation Management, 13(1), 209\u2013237.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Bidabadi, F. S. (2020). The human right to water in the Helmand Basin: An international and domestic law perspective. Utrecht Law Review, 16(2), 55\u201376.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Constitution of Afghanistan. (2004). Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Kabul: Government of Afghanistan. (Official text and English translation).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Dupree, L. (1973). Afghanistan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">General Iftaa\u2019 Department. (2017). Polluting water in all forms is prohibited (Fatwa No. 3286). Amman: General Iftaa\u2019 Department of Jordan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Haddad, M. (2025, January 2). Approaches used by Muslims to allocate and distribute water among users and sectors throughout history. MuslimHeritage.com.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Khan, H. F. (2023). Surface water. In Afghanistan\u2013Pakistan shared waters: State of the basins (pp. xx\u2013xx). Wallingford, UK: CABI.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Khan, H. F., Yang, Y.-C. E., &amp; Wi, S. (2020). Case study on hydropolitics in Afghanistan and Pakistan: Energy and water impacts of Kunar River development. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 146(9).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Malik, T. (2019). Pak-Afghan water issue: A case for benefit-sharing. Policy Perspectives, 16(1), 77\u201398.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Nori, S. M. (2020). Challenges of transboundary water governance in Afghanistan. Central Asian Journal of Water Research, 6(1), 18\u201338.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Shah, M. A. A., Lautze, J., &amp; Meelad, A. (Eds.). (2023). Afghanistan\u2013Pakistan shared waters: State of the basins. Wallingford, UK: CABI.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Shams, A. K., &amp; Muhammad, N. S. (2022). Towards sustainable transboundary water cooperation between Afghanistan and Pakistan: A case study of Kabul River. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 14(4), 101842.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">United Nations. (1997). Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses. New York: United Nations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">United Nations Treaty Collection. (n.d.). Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses (New York, 21 May 1997) \u2013 Status of treaties. Retrieved from United Nations Treaty Collection database.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Water Law. (2009). Water Law of Afghanistan (Official Gazette No. 980, 26 April 2009). Kabul: Ministry of Justice, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d0<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645. (\u0628\u06d0 \u0646\u06d0\u067c\u0647).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u06cc\u0629 \u06f3\u06f0\u061b<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u06cc\u0629 \u06f6\u06f1\u061b<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u06cc\u0629 \u06f5\u06f6.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u062b. \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0625\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u06f3\u06f2: \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0647\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0642<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">21. November 2025<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647: \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0648 \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06d0\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u06ab\u0631\u0648 \u062f \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062f\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0628\u067e\u0627\u06bc\u0647:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dawatmedia24.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-english-dawat-300x117.jpg\" width=\"233\" height=\"91\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/donate.stripe.com\/5kQcN56m53Pgapae234Rq00\"><strong>Donate Here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644: \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0693 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0642 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u061f \u0644\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0632 (Abstract) \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u06a9\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062e\u06cc\u0628\u0631 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":180590,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[2302,1472,672,12514,543,12517,12515,12516],"class_list":["post-180559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-11","tag-dawatmedia24","tag-1472","tag-672","tag-12514","tag-543","tag-12517","tag-12515","tag-12516"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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