{"id":159042,"date":"2023-08-13T14:50:14","date_gmt":"2023-08-13T14:50:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=159042"},"modified":"2023-08-13T14:50:14","modified_gmt":"2023-08-13T14:50:14","slug":"%d8%af-%d9%be%da%9a%d8%aa%d9%86%d9%88-%d8%af-%d9%86%d9%8e%d8%b3%d9%8e%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d9%88%da%93%da%9a%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=159042","title":{"rendered":"\u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0681\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 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\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u06d0 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0689\u06cc\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u06ab\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u060c \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062a \u0686\u06d0 (\u06f4\u06f9\u06f0 \u062a\u0631 \u06f4\u06f2\u06f5 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e \u06a9\u06d0) \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0647. \u062f \u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06f9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c\u06a9\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648 (\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648)\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0633\u063a\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0648 (\u067e\u0643\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0633 Paktues \u067e\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 pacticya \u067e\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648 )\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u067e\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0681\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0632\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062a \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062f \u062f\u0631\u06d0\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0647 \u06f9\u06f3 \u0627\u0648 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f2 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u00ab\u0685\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627- \u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u00bb \u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u0647. \u0686\u06d0 \u00ab\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0643\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0633 Paktues (\u067e\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648)\u0627\u0648 ( pacticya \u067e\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648)\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u062d\u06cc\u0631\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cd \u062a\u0647 \u06f4\u06f0\u06f0 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0647\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0647 \u06f6\u06f7 \u0627\u0648 \u06f6\u06f8 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u00ab \u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00bb \u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0681\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a:<br \/>\n\u00ab \u0628\u0644\u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0646 ( \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627 Baktrya) \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06ab\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f.<br \/>\n\u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0647\u0627 ( Scythia ) Sacae \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u06ab\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u06c0 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06ab\u0647 ( \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06ab\u0647) \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u062e\u06cc\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0633\u067e \u067e\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f.<br \/>\n\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633) \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f&#8230;<br \/>\n\u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627 (\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646) \u062a\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f: \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u062e\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f&#8230;.<br \/>\n\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc (\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646) \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u06ab\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627 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\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u0693\u0644 \u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 .<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\uf076 \u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644 w\u01ddred\u0259l (\u0645\u0635.\u0644.) \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0696\u0644\u06cd \u0627\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u064f\u0631 wor \u062f \u0648\u0631\u069a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u061b (w\u01ddr-e\u1e93-, w\u01ddr-e\u1e93- : w\u01ddr-ed- )\u060c \u0648\u0631\u069a\u062a w\u01ddr\u0259\u1e63t \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0*wer-, *awer- \u00ab\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u069a\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u00bb \u062f \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0647a- war- *\u060c \u062f \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647 *v\u0101ra- \u062f *v\u0101r-(\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644) \u062f \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06d0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067c \u06a9\u06d0.<br \/>\n\uf076 v\u0101r-, v\u0101ri- \u00ab\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647\u00bb \u062f\u0647. \u0648\u06ab\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0: \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 v\u0101r- \u00ab \u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u00bb \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a b\u0101r\u0101n \u00ab\u0648\u0631\u069a\u062a\u00bb\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0631abr \u060c b\u0101ridan \u00ab\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u00bb \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u06cd \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a w\u0101ridan \u00ab\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u00bb\u060c w\u0101r\u0101n \u00ab \u0648\u0631\u069a\u062a\u00bb \u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064aw\u0101r \u00ab\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u00bb\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064aw\u0101r \u00ab\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u00bb \u060c \u062e\u062a\u0646\u064ab\u0101r \u00ab \u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u00bb \u0627\u0648 b\u0101ra \u00ab \u0648\u0631\u069a\u062a\u00bb \u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0693\u064a b\u0101r\u0101n \u00ab \u0648\u0631\u069a\u062a\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u03b3orok \u00ab\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u00bb \u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u064aw\u016br\u00ab\u0648\u0631\u069a\u062a \u00bb \u060c \u06a9\u064f\u0631\u062f\u064a w\u0101ridan \u00ab \u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u00bb baran, barin, waran \u00ab \u0648\u0631\u069a\u062a\u00bb. \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u06d0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0627 wred\u0101 \u069a\u0681.\u0645. \u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\uf076 \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u062f\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 ( \u062a\u0647 t\u0259 ) \u062f \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647 *tuvam\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 *tu . \u0648\u06ab\u0648\u0631\u0626 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 tv\u0259m\u060c t\u016bm t\u016b,\u060c \u0632\u0693\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a tuvam\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06d0\u067c tuv\u00e1m\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a tw [to]\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u06cd \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a to\u060c \u060c \u062e\u062a\u0646\u064a thu \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064atu \u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0693\u064atu \u060c \u06cc\u063a\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064atu \u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u064a tu, t\u0259 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u062c\u064a tu, t\u0259 \u060c \u0634\u063a\u0646\u064atu, t\u0259 \u060c \u06a9\u064f\u0631\u062f\u064atu \u060c \u0622\u0633\u064a dy\/du\u060c \u0632\u0693\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0442\u044b \u060c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0442\u044b \u060c \u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646t\u016b \u060c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u064at\u00f9\u060c \u0632\u0693\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u03c4\u00f9\u060c \u03c3\u00f9\u060c \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 du . \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 &lt; *ha\u010da-t\u0101 st\u0101 \u00ab\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u00bb \u0627\u0648 t\u0101so \u06cc\u0627 st\u0101so \u062f \u0645\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062f \u00ab\u0634\u0645\u0627\u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 de \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 t\u0113 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0646\u06cd \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u0627\u06ab\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u062f \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0632\u06d0\u0631\u0645\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 Proto Indo-European \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0689\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u06ab\u0627\u06cc\u06ab\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd the hndo-European Languages Family\u06a9\u06d0 \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0647 . \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0646\u0648 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u062f\u064a \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u069a\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0681\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u0685\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a :<br \/>\n\u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u06ab\u0627\u06cc\u06ab\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0: \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u06d0\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u064a (\u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0647) \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cd\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u063a\u0696\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 (Lautlehre des Afganischen) \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 (Die Sprache der Afgh\u0101nen, das Pa\u0161to) \u062f \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c (Grundriss der Iranischen philology, vol. i-ii, 1895 &#8211; 1901) \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0696\u064a. \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u064a \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0648 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u064a.<br \/>\n\u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u06ab\u0627\u06cc\u06ab\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0646 \u062f \u06f1\u06f9\u06f2\u06f7 \u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0627\u06d0\u067c\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0681\u06d0\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0686\u064a \u062f \u06ab\u0627\u06cc\u06ab\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0648 \u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u063a\u0648 \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">Geiger, W. Etymologie und Lautlehre des Afganischen. Abhandi. D. k. Bayer. Ak.<br \/>\nd. W., I Cl., Bd. 20, 1893.<br \/>\n\u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f2\u06f7\u0645. \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0647.<br \/>\nMorgenstierne G.. A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto,1927.<br \/>\n\u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u06d0\u06cc\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 Elfenbein \u060c \u0645\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0632\u064a MacKenzie \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0632 Sims-Williams \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f3 \u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 Wiesbaden \u0643\u06d0 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0649 .<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">Morgenstierne G.(MEMN). A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Compiled<br \/>\nand Edited by J. Elfenbein, D.N. MacKenzie and Nicholas Sims-Williams) Wiesbaden, 2003.<br \/>\n\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0633 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0646\u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0698\u0628\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0689 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u06d0\u0634\u062a \u062f\u064a \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0681\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062f\u0647 \u0644\u06a9\u0647: \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f (\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a) \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0626 \u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 : \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0631&#8230;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0693\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0648 \u06ab\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0693\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0693 \u062f \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0693\u064a \u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0685\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u062f \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0685 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0685\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0685\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0647.<br \/>\n\u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u06cc \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u06d0\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0639 \u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0639 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0686\u0627 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647\u061f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a. \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u06a9\u0647 : \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0647\u0632\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u06cc \u062d\u0628\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u063a\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0648\u0647.<br \/>\n\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0627\u069a\u062a:<br \/>\n\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0633\u067e \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc<br \/>\n\u0647\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062a.. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e . \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0645 \u00ab\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0627 (\u0644\u0634\u06a9\u0631\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646) \u00bb \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c0 \u0639. \u0648\u062d\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c\u06f1\u06f3\u06f6\u06f8\u060c \u0635. \u06f3\u06f7\u06f6<br \/>\n\u0647\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062a. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u060c \u062c. \u062f\u0648\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 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