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<\/a>\u062f 1973 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0693\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u06a9\u0686\u0647<\/h2>\n

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\u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0696\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0696\u0647 1800 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u064a. \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u064a\u067c\u0631\u0632 \u062f 2018 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0686\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0647\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 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\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0645: <\/strong>\u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0693\u062e \u06a9\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u069a\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0647 1970 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0627 \u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f \u067e\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a \u062f \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0693 \u0634\u0648.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u0647\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f 1940\u0645\u06d0 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062c\u0648\u0693 \u0634\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f 1970 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u0627\u064a\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0648. \u062a\u0631 1978 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0648 160 \u0681\u0627\u064a\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0647 1979 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u06d0\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u062f 1980 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u067e\u067c\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a. \u064a\u0648 \u0681\u0644 \u067e\u0647 2005 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u062e\u06a9\u06d0\u0646\u064a \u0633\u067c\u06d0\u0634\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u0648\u0634\u0648\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0698\u062f\u06d0 \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u064a.[15]<\/a> \u06a9\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631 2014 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0685\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06ab\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u062f\u06d0. \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0633\u067c\u06d0\u0634\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0644\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u063a\u0696\u064a \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u064a.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647 1980 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u069a\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06d0 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u06a9\u0686\u06d0 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 1984 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u064a\u0648 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0647 \u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0648\u0646 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u063a\u0693\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u069a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 63 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u063a\u06d0 \u0646\u06d0\u067c\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f \u062f\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u06d0 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u067e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0693\u062e \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0681\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u069a\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 1940 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u0631 2012 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062f \u0648\u0686\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062c\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc. \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u067e\u0647 1983 \u062a\u0631 2012 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u0686\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u060c \u062f \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 5858 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 5661 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u069a\u0648\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.[17]<\/a> \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0648\u0686\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0648 \u06a9\u0693\u0627\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u069a\u064a\u064a \u0644\u0647 1980 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0685\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u06ab\u0689\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0644\u0627 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u06d0\u0686\u0644\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u062f \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u06d0<\/h2>\n

<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0641: \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0686\u06d0\u062f\u0644<\/h3>\n

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\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0685\u0646\u06ab\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u062f \u062c\u0648\u0693\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u067e\u0647 1996 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0647\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u062a\u0631 2011 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0648. \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 2012 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u06a9\u0693\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u200c\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u063a\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0647\u0685\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0647\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u067e\u0647 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062c\u06a9 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a\u060c \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0636\u0627\u064a\u0639 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 100 \u06a9\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06ab\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u0696\u064a.[34]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062f \u06a9\u062c\u06a9\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u06d0 \u062a\u0644 \u062f \u0647\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u069a\u062a \u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 1950 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062c\u0648\u0693 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u062f \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064a\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0\u069a\u0645\u0646 \u06a9\u0693.[35]<\/a><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Office of the Chief Executive of Afghanistan, Joint Statement of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, 06 Jan 2016, see online: http:\/\/ceo.gov.af\/fa\/news\/58836<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Paula Hanasz, FDI (Future Directions International), The Politics of Water Security between Afghanistan and Iran, 1 March 2012, see it online: http:\/\/www.futuredirections.org.au\/publication\/the-politics-of-water-security-between-afghanistan-and-iran\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Afghanistan\u2019s Trans-Boundary Waters: An Overview, 2015, Helmand River Basin, Pages 27-28.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> International Water Law, The Afghan-Iranian Helmand-River Water Treaty, see online:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.internationalwaterlaw.org\/documents\/regionaldocs\/1973_Helmand_River_Water_Treaty-Afghanistan-Iran.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

For Dari: http:\/\/afghanwaters.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/1973-Helmand-River-Afgh-Iran-Persian.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Fars News Agency, Iran-Afghan Dispute over Water, 22 Oct 2017, see online: http:\/\/af.farsnews.com\/economy\/news\/13960730000588<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Water Diplomacy & Hydro-Politic Relation between Iran and Afghanistan )Persian(, 13 January 2018, see online::<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ana.ir\/news\/334436<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Baztab News, Severe drought and Iran’s criticism of Afghanistan due to Helmand’s water, 1 Sep 2018, see online: https:\/\/baztab.news\/article\/733588<\/a><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a>The revival of the Iran-Afghanistan agreement is the best option for ending the water crisis (Persian). Fars News Agency. 22 Oct 2017, see the link bellow:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/af.farsnews.com\/economy\/news\/13960730000588<\/a><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Aman, Fatemeh. Water Dispute Escalating between Iran and Afghanistan. Atlantic Council \u2013 South Asia Center. Aug 2016. P 4.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.elections.pajhwok.com\/dr\/node\/500017<\/a><\/p>\n

And: Afghan Water Portal, Afghan Waters; Why is Ruhani Worried?: http:\/\/bit.ly\/AFIReW<\/a><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Jain, Rupam. In parched Afghanistan, drought sharpens water dispute with Iran. July 17, 2018. See online:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-afghanistan-iran-water\/in-parched-afghanistan-drought-sharpens-water-dispute-with-iran-idUSKBN1K702H<\/a><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Fatemeh Aman,\u200c LobeLog, Worsening Relations between Iran and Afghanistan?, 11 Aug 2017, see the link bellow:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/lobelog.com\/worsening-relations-between-iran-and-afghanistan\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Tara Williams-Sether. Streamflow Characteristics of Streams in the Helmand Basin, Afghanistan. U.S. Agency for International Development – U.S. Geological Survey. See online: https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/ds\/333\/pdf\/ds333_v1.1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> See online: https:\/\/www.un.org.ir\/images\/Documents\/The_Helmand_River_Basin.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> \u00a0Hajihosseini, Hamidreza. Hydrological Assessment of the 1973 Treaty. ResearchGate. 9 May 2016. See online:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/306527439_Hydrological_Assessment_of_the_1973_Treaty_on_the_Transboundary_Helmand_River_Using_the_SWAT_Model_and_a_Global_Climate_Database#pfb<\/a><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> Khabaronline, The latest status of Hamoon International Wetland (Persian), 17 April 2017, see:\u00a0 https:\/\/www.khabaronline.ir\/detail\/652895\/society\/environment<\/a><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0646\u0648\u0681\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0647 1960 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u0633\u0631\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0693 \u0634\u0648.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> Richard Stone, Can Iran and Afghanistan cooperate to bring an oasis back from the dead?, 21 Feb 2018, see:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2018\/02\/can-iran-and-afghanistan-cooperate-bring-oasis-back-dead<\/a><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> Aman, Fatemeh. More Bad News For Iran As Afghan Water Dispute Heats Up. Aug 16, 2018. See online:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/lobelog.com\/more-bad-news-for-iran-as-afghan-water-dispute-heats-up\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> Fatemeh Aman, Iran-Afghan Differences over Helmand River Threaten Both Countries, 17 March 2016, see:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/\/iransource\/iran-afghan-differences-over-helmand-river-threaten-both-countries<\/a><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648 (\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0685\u0627\u0647\u200c\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0648) \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 1990-2000 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0685\u069a\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0632\u06d0\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u06d0\u0696\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u06d0.<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> Richard Stone, Can Iran and Afghanistan cooperate to bring an oasis back from the dead?, 21 Feb 2018, see:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2018\/02\/can-iran-and-afghanistan-cooperate-bring-oasis-back-dead<\/a><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> Tehran Times, Iran-Afghanistan Agree on Transboundary Waters, June 27 2018, see online:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.tehrantimes.com\/news\/424839\/Iran-Afghanistan-agree-on-transboundary-waters-says-ambassador<\/a><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a>Richard Stone, Can Iran and Afghanistan cooperate to bring an oasis back from the dead?, 21 Feb 2018, see:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2018\/02\/can-iran-and-afghanistan-cooperate-bring-oasis-back-dead<\/a><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> Corinne Segal, Life after water on the Iran-Afghanistan border, 13 Jan 2016, see:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/arts\/iran-water-crisis-photography<\/a><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> Richard Stone, Can Iran and Afghanistan cooperate to bring an oasis back from the dead?, 21 Feb 2018, see:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2018\/02\/can-iran-and-afghanistan-cooperate-bring-oasis-back-dead<\/a><\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> BBC Persian, Ali Ahmad Osmani\u2019s remarks in Wolesi Jirga, 17 July 2017, see: http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/persian\/afghanistan-40629533<\/a><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> Debnath Shaw, Why the Salma Dam in Afghanistan matters to India, 6 Jun 2016, see:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.dailyo.in\/politics\/salma-dam-afghanistan-narendra-modi-ashraf-ghani-taliban-terrorism\/story\/1\/11035.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[34]<\/a><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a><\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> Afghan Water Portal, see: http:\/\/bit.ly\/2RB2JQ3<\/a><\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> TOLOnews, Farah’s War Is Over Water: Defense Minister, 19 May 2018, see: https:\/\/www.tolonews.com\/afghanistan\/farah%E2%80%99s-war-over-water-defense-minister<\/a><\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> Fatemeh Aman, Atlantic Council, Water Dispute Escalating between Iran and Afghanistan, 7 Sep 2016, see:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/publications\/issue-briefs\/water-dispute-escalating-between-iran-and-afghanistan<\/a><\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> Official Website of the President of Iran, President Hassan Rouhani\u2019s Speech (Persian), 3 July, 2017, see online:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.president.ir\/fa\/99653<\/a><\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> Afghan Irca, Iranian Ambassador\u2019s Interview (Persian), 8 July 2017, see:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/afghanirca.com\/newsIn.php?id=59556<\/a><\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> Fatemeh Aman,\u200c LobeLog, Worsening Relations between Iran and Afghanistan?, 11 Aug 2017, see the link bellow:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/lobelog.com\/worsening-relations-between-iran-and-afghanistan\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> International Water Law, The Afghan-Iranian Helmand-River Water Treaty, see online:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.internationalwaterlaw.org\/documents\/regionaldocs\/1973_Helmand_River_Water_Treaty-Afghanistan-Iran.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

For Dari: http:\/\/afghanwaters.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/1973-Helmand-River-Afgh-Iran-Persian.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> Afghan Water Portal, Afghan Waters; Why is Ruhani Worried?: http:\/\/bit.ly\/AFIReW<\/a><\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> Fatemeh Aman, Iran-Afghan Differences over Helmand River Threaten Both Countries, 17 March 2016, see:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/\/iransource\/iran-afghan-differences-over-helmand-river-threaten-both-countries<\/a><\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> Afghan Water Portal, Afghan Waters; Why is Ruhani Worried?: http:\/\/bit.ly\/AFIReW<\/a><\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> BBC Persian, Report of Zarif\u2019s Interview with 3TV of Iran, 27 Aug 2018, see:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/persian\/iran-45322752<\/a><\/p>\n

[48]<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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