{"id":117437,"date":"2020-04-11T01:31:18","date_gmt":"2020-04-11T01:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=117437"},"modified":"2020-04-10T17:35:14","modified_gmt":"2020-04-10T17:35:14","slug":"%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%be%d9%84%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%af-%d8%ae%d9%be%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%da%a9-%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=117437","title":{"rendered":"\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0648<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0627\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627 <\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u0645\u0642\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647<\/span>\u201c<\/span> \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0648<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0648. \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06d0\u064a\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u062e\u0646\u064a\u0648\u06cc (\u062d\u064f\u0631\u0645\u062a) \u0648\u0648\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u00a0<\/span>\u0628\u06d0\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0648\u063a\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u06a9\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 (\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0693) : ((\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647 – \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u0696\u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u064a)).<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0631\u0646\u0647 : \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u069a\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627 ….<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u0648\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0627\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06d0\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u063a\u0627\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0685\u0627\u0631\u06ab\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u06a9\u0693\u0646\u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u064a.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0642 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0689\u0644\u0648 \u067c\u067e\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0693\u0648 \u062e\u0693\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u064a\u0696\u064a \u062f \u0633\u067e\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06bc\u0647 \u062f\u064a. \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0644\u06d0\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u062f\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646<\/span> …<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0646\u064a …<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0693) :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0685\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0689\u0647 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a) \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u067e\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u064a. \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0647\u0685\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u067e\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a \u067e\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u067c\u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0686\u0648\u0693 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u062f\u064a :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0689\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u062e \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 (\u0646\u0627\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a) \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u063a\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u0633\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627 (\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644) \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0645 \u0644\u06ab\u069a\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u067e\u064a\u0646\u0681\u0647 \u0685\u0646\u0689\u06cc\/\u0633\u0631\u06cc (<\/span><\/b>Pentagon<\/span><\/b>)\u060c \u0634\u067e\u0696 \u0685\u0646\u0689\u06cc\/\u0633\u0631\u06cc (<\/span><\/b>Hexagon<\/span><\/b>)\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0648\u0647 \u0685\u0646\u0689\u06cc\/\u0633\u0631\u06cc (<\/span><\/b>Heptagon<\/span><\/b>) \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0685\u0646\u0689\u06cc\/ (<\/span><\/b>Octagon<\/span><\/b>) \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 <\/span><\/b>KGB<\/span><\/b> \u067e\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0647 <\/span><\/b>RAW<\/span><\/b> \u062a\u06d0\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0633 \u062f <\/span><\/b>ISI<\/span><\/b> \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u063a\u06d0\u0696\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0647 <\/span><\/b>VAJA<\/span><\/b> \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0647 <\/span><\/b>MSS<\/span><\/b> \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0696\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0693\u0648 <\/span><\/b>CIA <\/span><\/b>& MI6<\/span><\/span><\/b> \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a : ((<\/span><\/b>\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0647 \u062f \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d0 <\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 <\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0648 \u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 <\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u0648<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span><\/b>) \u0645\u0642\u062a\u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u06d0 \u062a\u0631\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u067e \u062c\u0648\u0693 \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u063a\u0627\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u063a\u0627\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f <\/span><\/b>rugby<\/span><\/b> <\/b>\u067e\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0631 \u062f \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u063a\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u067e\u069a\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0686\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0696\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0632\u0647 \u062f \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0645. \u062f \u0645\u0642\u062a\u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 ((<\/span><\/b>\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/b>)) \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0627 \u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0627 \u064a\u06d0 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u0696\u062f\u064a. \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0627 \u069a\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u062a\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f <\/span><\/b>\u06f6\u06f9<\/span><\/b> \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0689\u0644\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u064a\u0648\u0647 <\/span><\/b>\u06f3\u06f5<\/span><\/b> \u06a9\u0633\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0689\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0685\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0648. \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u060c \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u0648\u0644\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u062f \u0647\u0631\u0648 \u0634\u0693\u0645\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0686 \u062f\u06cc.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

***\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>***\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>***<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0631 :<\/span><\/p>\n

The Five Evils who destroyed Afghanistan<\/span><\/u><\/b>:<\/span><\/u><\/b><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n

Former interior minister of Pakistan, General Naseerullah Babar<\/span><\/strong> gave an Interview to a Journalist Farhad Ali Khawar:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Babar said to him that I was invited by the then Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. He (Bhutto) told me that the <\/span>Durand Line Agreement is expiring in 1993<\/span><\/b>, so Afghanistan <\/span>Must be destabilized<\/span><\/b>, because Afghanistan will demand for its territories from Durand line to Indus river.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Babar says that I invited Gul Buddin Hikmat Yar<\/i>, Ahmad Shah Mahsood<\/i>, Burhanuddin Rabbani<\/i> and other religious youngsters from Afghanistan. I met with them in Bala Hisar port in Peshawar. <\/span>I gave them money and 303 rifles to destabilize Afghanistan. Thus, we started <\/span><\/b>\u201c<\/span><\/b>to destabilize\u201d and \u201cburn Afghanistan\u201d<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Babar further added <\/span>that we burnt Afghanistan to such an extent that even former Soviet Union also burnt in it<\/span><\/b>. And <\/span>now Afghanistan will never have the power to demand for the removal of the Durand line<\/span><\/b>. That is the service I (Babar) have done for Pakistan.<\/span><\/p>\n

***\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>***\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>***<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

The Rise of Taliban<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Rafiq Afghan has come out with detailed arguments with his own viewpoint which appeared in weekly Takbeer of March 02, 1995 (Pp. 17-20). Resume of this article is produced here-in-under<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c<\/span>The America CIA is involved in raising the Taliban through the British diplomats who have good knowledge about the people of Afghanistan against whom they had fought three wars<\/span><\/b>. The British diplomats selected two Maulvis of JUI (F & S) who had strong links across the border<\/span><\/b>. Beside financial assistance they were given such vehicles which were equipped with most modern communication system. After that they were noticed on regular errands to Kandahar. For one year they struggled constantly, contacted pro-Zahir commanders of Kandahar, assuring them necessary assistance, and met regularly the Maulvis of the maddrassas along the border. Then it was decided to raise the Taliban force.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u0686\u0648\u0693 (\u0644\u0646\u0689\u064a\u0632) :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0646\u0627\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u0648\u063a\u0627 (\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0634\u064a)\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0696 (\u06a9\u0645) \u0644\u06ab\u069a\u062a) \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0644\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e\u062a\u06ab \u0645\u062e\u0646\u064a\u0648\u06cc\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062f \u0632\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u06cd \u06ab\u0648\u0627\u069a\u0646\u0647\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0644 (\u0641\u0642\u0631) \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0646\u0693\u0648\u0644\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0628\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a \u064a\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u064a\u0632 \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u06d0\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0681\u067e\u0627\u06bc\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 :<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u06ab\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u067e\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0648 (\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0648) \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u067e <\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u063a\u0648\u0646\u0689 \/ \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0634\u0644\u06d0<\/span>\u201c<\/span> \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u0685\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u064a. \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062c \u062f \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u06d0\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0648\u0693\u0648 \u0648\u0693\u0648 \u063a\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u06ab\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

((\u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0634\u067e\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0696 \u0685\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u069a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cd \u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06d0\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0648 \u062f \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u067c\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u06ab\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a <\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u069a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/b>\u201c<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/b> <\/b>\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u069a\u0647 \u0634\u06d0\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0646\u062f\u0644)).<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0631\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u067e \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0693\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u064a\u0648\u0647 <\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647<\/span>\u201c<\/span> \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Afghanistan must be destabilised<\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span><\/b> \u062f \u064a\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u06d0 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0642 ((\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06d0)) \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u067c\u06a9 <\/span>Indus river<\/span><\/b> \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u06a9\u0693\u0627\u06cc.\u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u064a\u0633\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 <\/span>\u201cKabul must be burn!\u201d<\/span><\/b> \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 ((<\/span>\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u06ab\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0689 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0632\u063a\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0693 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/span>\u060c <\/span>\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0633<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06ab\u064a \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a<\/span>))\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u06ab \u067e\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 ((<\/span>\u0628\u06d0\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0686\u06d0 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0626 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u06d0\u0681\u0626!<\/span><\/b>)) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 ((<\/span>\u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0631 \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062f \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u069a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span>)) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u06ab\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 ((<\/span>\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0647<\/span>)) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 ((<\/span>\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c\u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0648<\/span>)) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0634\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 ((<\/span>\u062f \u06a9\u0634\u0645<\/span><\/b>\u064a<\/span><\/b>\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0642<\/span><\/b>\u064a<\/span><\/b>\u0645\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648<\/span><\/b>)) <\/span><\/b>\u0627\u0648 <\/span><\/b>((<\/span><\/b>\u062f \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0681\u064a!<\/span><\/b>)) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u0631\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u067e\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0644 : ((\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u064a)) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0632 ((\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a)) \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0627 \u062f \u0689\u0627\u0689\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0693\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06d0\u0632\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u062c\u0646\u06ab \u062a\u0647 \u0686\u0645\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u0693\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f <\/span>\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0<\/span><\/a><\/span> ((\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646)) :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062a\u064a \u0645\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0686\u0648\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u064a\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06d0 (<\/span>\u06f1<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0689\u0631 (\u0645\u0634\u0631) \u062f \u0642\u0648\u0645 (\u0645\u0644\u062a) \u062f \u063a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06d0 (<\/span>\u06f2<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u067e\u0648\u0681 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648 (\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648) \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06d0 (<\/span>\u06f3<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0645\u064a\u0689\u064a\u0627 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u064a\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06d0 (<\/span>\u06f4<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u064a\u06d0 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06d0 (<\/span>\u06f5<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 :<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u064a\u0633\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u062e\u06d0\u0633\u062a\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0647 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0632\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0645\u0644\u06ab\u0631\u06cc \u064a\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u06cc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Attack on Afghanistan: Ex-JI chief had opposed US action<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h1>\n

His comments came a day after former political advisor to US Embassy Amanullah Khan claimed in his book that <\/span>the former JI chief had assured the then US envoy that his anti-American comments were only for public consumption<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Musharraf: Pakistan and India’s backing for ‘proxies’ in Afghanistan must stop<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h1>\n

In interview with the Guardian, former Pakistan president voices his support for Ashraf Ghani and hints that <\/span><\/b>he cultivated the Taliban<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>In an interview with the Guardian, Musharraf admitted that when he was in power, <\/span>Pakistan sought to undermine the government of former Afghan president Hamid Karzai because Karzai had \u201chelped India stab\u00a0<\/span><\/b>Pakistan<\/span><\/b><\/a><\/span>\u00a0in the back\u201d<\/span><\/b>. But now the time had come to \u201ctotally cooperate\u201d with Ashraf Ghani, the Afghan president since September, who Musharraf believes is \u201cthe last hope for peace in the region\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201cIn President Karzai\u2019s times, yes, indeed, <\/span>he was damaging Pakistan and therefore we were working against his interest. Obviously, we had to protect our own interest,\u201d<\/span><\/b> Musharraf said. \u201cBut now President Ashraf Ghani has come and he is trying to restore balance in\u00a0<\/span>Afghanistan<\/span><\/a><\/span>. We must totally cooperate with him.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u067e\u064a\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 :<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

((\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0696 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c\u0689\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0648 \u0693\u0646\u06ab \u06a9\u0693 \u060c \u0634\u067e\u0696 \u0633\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0648 \u0628\u06cc \u0639\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0693 … !))<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u06d0 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u06d0\u0644\u0632 : <\/span>\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0686\u0645\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u0693\u0626\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 <\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u06d0 \u0648\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u0626<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0631<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0634\u064a\u061b \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0645<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 <\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h1>\n

\u0634\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 : <\/span>\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0634\u0645<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0634\u0648\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0648<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u062f<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0681 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693<\/span>\u0648<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h1>\n

[[<\/span>\u0634\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0631<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0641 <\/span>:<\/span> \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0634\u0645<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0631 \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0648\u0681\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u064a<\/span>\u2026.<\/span>]]<\/span><\/p>\n

[[<\/span>\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0645<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062c\u0646\u06ab \u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u064a<\/span>.<\/span>]]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642: \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0645<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0648\u062a\u0693\u064a<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[[<\/span>\u0681<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0648<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u064a \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0645<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a. \u062f \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u06a9\u0627<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u06d0\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u062f\u064a<\/span>.<\/span>]]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0648<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u067c\u06d0 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0631 \u067e<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u063a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0634\u0645<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u06d0 \u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0647\u0644<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h1>\n

\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0632\u063a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u06a9\u0634\u0645<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0628<\/span>\u064a<\/span>\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0634\u064a<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0645\u064a\u0689\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u0633\u067c \u0627\u06cc: \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span>\u064a<\/span><\/span>\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0627 \u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h1>\n

\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0641: \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u0685\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648 \u06a9\u0693\u0644<\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u067e\u0631\u0648\u06d0\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 :<\/span><\/p>\n

((<\/span>\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u06ab\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647 (\u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0686\u0644\u0646\u062f \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a<\/span>)).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u062f\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u0622\u063a\u0644\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0646\u067c\u0646 \u062e\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0648 :<\/span><\/p>\n

((<\/span>\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u062a\u0648\u06bc\u064a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/span>)).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u063a\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0627 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0644\u0648 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u069a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0681\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u067e\u0648\u0647 \u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Making the water boil in Afghanistan<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

by Praveen Swami
\n\/ The Hindu<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

“The water in Afghanistan,” Pakistan President General Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq told his spymaster Lieutenant-General Akhtar Abdul Rehman Khan in December 1979, “<\/span>must boil at the right temperature<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/b>“<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0627 \u062f \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u064a\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0632\u063a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u06bc\u0647 \u067e\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0644 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0685\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0686\u06d0 :<\/span><\/p>\n

((<\/span>\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0626 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0626\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0626<\/span><\/b>)).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0633\u064a \u0622\u06cc \u0627\u06cc \u067e\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0689\u0644 :<\/span><\/p>\n

((\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a)).<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0644 :<\/span><\/p>\n

[\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u069a\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0631\u06cc]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u069a\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0644 \u062f \u064a\u0648 \u0686\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u069a\u0627\u062f\u00a0 <\/span>\u0635\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u062f \u0645\u0693\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0648:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627<\/span><\/b>\u064a<\/span><\/b>\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0632\u06cc \u062f \u0689<\/span><\/b>\u06d0<\/span><\/b>\u0631\u0648 \u0647\u063a\u0648 <\/span><\/b>\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u067e<\/span><\/b>\u064a<\/span><\/b>\u06a9\u0647 <\/span><\/b>\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648<\/span><\/b>\u201c<\/span><\/b> \u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644 \u0681\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0648\u062a \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0631<\/span><\/b>\u064a<\/span><\/b>\u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0644\u0644<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0634\u0646\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0686\u06d0 \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u0631\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 + \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a + \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644 [\u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a] \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0686\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0689\u0632 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 : <\/span><\/p>\n

Making the water boil in Afghanistan<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

must boil at the right temperature<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u06d0\u0634\u0644 \u0634\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0693\u064a\u0696\u064a. \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0633\u0693\u069a\u062a \u064a\u06d0 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062f \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u0644 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u064a. [\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u06ab\u06bc\u0647]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645\u00a0 <\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0696 \u0644\u06ab\u069a\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0648\u0693\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0681\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u062d\u0648\u062a <\/span><\/b>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f6\u06f6<\/span><\/b> : [\u062f \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u06ab\u06bc\u0647]<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 : ((\u0627\u06ab\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u06ab\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u064a\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u06ab\u0631\u062f\u062f)).<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

((\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06d0\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 (\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646) \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0681 \u062f\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u062d\u062f ((\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0631\u069a\u0647)) \u0644\u06d0\u0631\u06d0\u00a0 <\/span>\u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u064a)).<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u06ab\u0644 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0632\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u06d0\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u06d0\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0646\u06d0 (\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a) \u062f\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06d0 \u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

((\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0686\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a)).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u06ab\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0628\u0686\u064a\u0627\u0646 ((\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646)) \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u06ab\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u06ab\u06bc\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u062e\u0648 \u0628\u0686\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u064a. \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u062f \u0686\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u061f \u062f \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u061f \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0634\u0631 \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u064a\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 ((\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u06a9\u064a \u062f\u064a \u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u064a\u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u06a9\u0693\u064a)) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u062a\u0647 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0632\u06cc :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u067e\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f (\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062a) \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648 \u064a\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0648\u0647. \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u064a\u0632 (\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0648\u064a) \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0693\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0685\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0648. \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cd \u062a\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u064a\u0648\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0646\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u0647 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0646\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0696 \u062f \u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u06ab\u0631\u062f \u0686\u06d0 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u069a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u0648. \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0644 \u0634\u0648. \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u0686\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0636.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0693\u062e :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0628! \u0645\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0651 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0651 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 <\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u06ab\u0631\u062f<\/span>\u201c<\/span> \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u06cc. \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 <\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u069a\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0646\u06ab \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u06d0\u069a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u06ab\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0644\u0648\u062f \u062f \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062f\u0647. \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0681\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0634\u067e\u0696 \u062a\u0646\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06d0\u067c\u0647 \u0648\u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0647 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0637\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0651\u0627\u0645. \u062f\u0627 \u0634\u067e\u0696 \u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06d0\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u06ab\u0631\u062f \u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a\u061f \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0693\u064a \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0648 \u067c\u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06ab\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0647 (\u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0647) \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u064a\u0689\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u064a \u064a\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 ((\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u0696\u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u064a)) \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0648\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0626\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0686\u0627 \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0644\u06d0\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u063a\u0627\u0693\u06cc \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u06d0\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062e\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u06ab\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0689\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u06d0 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 ((\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647)) \u0685\u069a\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u069a \u062f\u06cc. \u06a9\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0696\u0647 \u067e\u062e\u067e\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0693\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 :<\/span><\/p>\n

If a dog dies hungry on the banks of the River Euphrates, Umar will be responsible for dereliction of duty.\u2014<\/span><\/b>\u2009<\/span><\/b>(Umar)<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

He also knew that just having a vision is not enough unless it is supported by effective strategies. He didn’t only have a vision; he truly transformed his vision into actions. For example, to ensure that nobody sleeps hungry in his empire, he used to walk through the streets almost every night to see if there is any one needy or ill.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0633\u067e\u06cc \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0696\u06d0 [\u062a\u0646\u062f\u06d0] \u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a (\u0631\u0648\u06bc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a) \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u063a\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0\u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0648 [\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\/\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641] \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693 \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u06d0 \u0642\u0648\u064a [\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u06d0] \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u0698\u06cd \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u0648\u06d0 \u0633\u0645\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u0644\u0647. \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 : \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a [\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cd] \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0647\u06d0\u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0696\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a. \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0685\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u06d0\u062f\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u062e\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0693 \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0646\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0698\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u06cc : ((\u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0648\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0681\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0646\u0645 \u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0681\u064a)) \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f ((\u0632\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631)) \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0647. \u062f \u0641\u062a\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0648\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u06ab \u0645\u06d0\u0634\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u067e\u0648\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u06d0\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0686 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0685\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u061f \u062f \u0627\u0631\u06ab \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u062e\u0644\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u064a\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0698\u0644 \u06a9\u064a\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0696\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u0686\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0641\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a. \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u067c\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c\u00a0 <\/span>\u067c\u067e\u0648\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u0645 \u062f\u06d0\u062a\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f\u069a\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0686\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u067c\u06d0 \u0631\u062e\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u064a\u0689\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u06bc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06d0\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0648 \u064a\u06d0 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u069a\u064a \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648 ((<\/span>\u0633\u0648\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/span>)) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 ((<\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a<\/span>\u060c <\/span>\u0633\u0648\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u062a<\/span>)) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 ((<\/span>\u0633\u0648\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a<\/span>)) \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u06a9 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u061f \u064a\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0635\u0628\u063a\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0633\u06d0 \u062f \u064a\u0648\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Under Umar’s rule, in order to promote strict discipline, Arab soldiers were settled outside of cities, between the desert and cultivated lands in special garrison towns known as “amsar”. Known examples of such settlements are Basra and Kufa, in Iraq, and Fustat south of what would later become Cairo. His soldiers were forbidden to own land outside of Arabia. There were restrictions on their right to seize buildings and other immovable things usually thought of as prizes of war. Movable spoils were shared with the people of the umma, regardless of their social stratum.<\/span>[113]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

A modern researcher writes about this:<\/span>[114]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

He used to monitor public policy very closely, and had kept the needs of the public central to his leadership approach. As second caliph of Islam, he refused to chop off the hands of thieves because he felt he had fallen short of his responsibility to provide meaningful employment to all his subjects. As a ruler of a vast kingdom, his vision was to ensure that every one in his kingdom should sleep on a full stomach.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u06d0 \u0648\u064a\u0644 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0633 \u062f\u06cc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u062f \u064a\u0648 \u067e\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0698\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0632\u0693\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 :<\/span><\/p>\n

((\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0644\u06d0\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0633 \u062f\u06cc)).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0646\u06cd \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0644\u0647 \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0631 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u062a\u0634 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u062f \u0631\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u062c\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0696 \u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0696\u0647 \u062f \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u064a\u0644\u06d0 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0648. \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u06ab\u0644 \u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u0648\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 ((\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u0645)). \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0685\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a. \u0622\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0686\u0631\u06ab\u0648\u0693\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d0 \u0645\u062e\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0693\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0693\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u06d0\u0634\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. \u0644\u0647 \u06ab\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u067c\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0686\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Political and civil administration<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/u><\/b><\/h3>\n

The government of Umar was a\u00a0<\/span>unitary government<\/span><\/a><\/span>, where the sovereign political authority was the caliph.[<\/sup><\/span>citation needed<\/span><\/sup><\/i><\/a><\/span>]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0The empire of Umar was divided into provinces and some\u00a0<\/span>autonomous<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0territories, e.g.,\u00a0<\/span>Azerbaijan<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span>Armenia<\/span><\/a><\/span>, that had accepted the suzerainty of the caliphate.[<\/sup><\/span>citation needed<\/span><\/sup><\/i><\/a><\/span>]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0The provinces were administered by the provincial governors or\u00a0<\/span>Wali<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/span>, personally and fastidiously selected by Umar. Provinces were further divided into about 100 districts. Each district or main city was under the charge of a junior governor or Amir, usually appointed by Umar himself, but occasionally also appointed by the provincial governor. Other officers at the provincial level were:<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Katib<\/span><\/i>, the Chief Secretary.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Katib-ud-Diwan<\/span><\/i>, the Military Secretary.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Sahib-ul-Kharaj<\/span><\/i>, the Revenue Collector.<\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Sahib-ul-Ahdath<\/span><\/i>, the\u00a0<\/span>Police chief<\/span><\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Sahib-Bait-ul-Mal<\/span><\/i>, the\u00a0<\/span>Treasury<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Officer.<\/span><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Qadi<\/span><\/i>, the\u00a0<\/span>Chief Judge<\/span><\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

In some districts there were separate military officers, though the\u00a0Wali<\/i>\u00a0was, in most cases, the Commander-in-chief of the army quartered in the province.[<\/sup><\/span>citation needed<\/span><\/sup><\/i><\/a><\/span>]<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

Every appointment was made in writing. At the time of appointment an instrument of instructions was issued with a view to regulating the\u00a0Wali’s<\/i>\u00a0conduct. On assuming office, the\u00a0Wali<\/i>\u00a0was required to assemble the people in the main\u00a0<\/span>mosque<\/span><\/a><\/span>, and read the instrument of instructions before them.<\/span>[62]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Umar’s general instructions to his officers were:<\/span><\/p>\n

Remember, I have not appointed you as commanders and tyrants over the people. I have sent you as leaders instead, so that the people may follow your example. Give the Muslims their rights and do not beat them lest they become abused. Do not praise them unduly, lest they fall into the error of conceit. Do not keep your doors shut in their faces, lest the more powerful of them eat up the weaker ones. And do not behave as if you were superior to them, for that is tyranny over them.[<\/sup><\/span>citation needed<\/span><\/sup><\/i><\/a><\/span>]<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

Various other strict codes of conduct were to be obeyed by the governors and state officials. The principal officers were required to travel to Mecca on the occasion of the Hajj, during which people were free to present any complaint against them. In order to minimize the chances of corruption, Umar made it a point to pay high salaries to the staff.[<\/sup><\/span>citation needed<\/span><\/sup><\/i><\/a><\/span>]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Provincial governors received as much as five to seven thousand dirham annually besides their shares of the spoils of war (if they were also the commander in chief of the army of their sector).[<\/sup><\/span>citation needed<\/span><\/sup><\/i><\/a><\/span>]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Under Umar the empire was divided into the following provinces:<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Mecca (Arabia)<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Medina (Arabia)<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Basra<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0(Iraq)<\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Kufa<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0(Iraq)<\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Jazira<\/span><\/a><\/span>, in the upper reaches of the\u00a0<\/span>Tigris<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span>Euphrates<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Syria<\/span><\/p>\n

7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Iliy\u0101’ (<\/span>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/span>)<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0(<\/span>Palestine<\/span><\/a><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Ramlah<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0(Palestine)<\/span><\/p>\n

9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Upper Egypt<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

10.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Lower Egypt<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

11.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Khorasan<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0(Persia)<\/span><\/p>\n

12. <\/span><\/span>Azerbaijan (Persia)<\/span><\/p>\n

13. <\/span><\/span>Fars<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0(Persia)<\/span><\/p>\n

Umar was first to establish a special department for the investigation of complaints against the officers of the State. This department acted as the\u00a0<\/span>Administrative court<\/span><\/a><\/span>, where the legal proceedings were personally led by Umar.<\/span>[63]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0The Department was under the charge of\u00a0<\/span>Muhammad ibn Maslamah<\/span><\/a><\/span>, one of Umar’s most trusted men. In important cases Muhammad ibn Maslamah was deputed by Umar to proceed to the spot, investigate the charge and take action. Sometimes an Inquiry Commission was constituted to investigate the charge. On occasion, the officers against whom complaints were received were summoned to Medina, and charged in Umar’s administrative court. Umar was known for this intelligence service through which he made his officials accountable.<\/span>[64]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0This service was also said to have inspired fear in his subjects.<\/span>[65]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Umar was a pioneer in some affairs:<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Umar was the first to introduce the public ministry system, where the records of officials and soldiers were kept. He also kept a record system for messages he sent to Governors and heads of state.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>He was the first to appoint police forces to keep civil order.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>He was the first to discipline the people when they became disordered.<\/span>[66]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Another important aspect of Umar’s rule was that he forbade any of his governors and agents from engaging in any sort of business dealings whilst in a position of power. An agent of Umar by the name of Al Harith ibn K’ab ibn Wahb was once found to have extra money beyond his salary and Umar enquired about his wealth. Al Harith replied that he had some money and he engaged in trade with it. Umar said:\u00a0By Allah, we did not send you to engage in trade!<\/i>\u00a0and he took from him the profits he had made.<\/span>[67]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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https:\/\/www.taand.com\/archives\/147814<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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Umar’s swift imposition of justice against his governors for misdeeds made even powerful governors such as\u00a0<\/span>Muawiyah<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0scared of him.\u00a0<\/span>Ali ibn Abu Talib<\/span><\/a><\/span>, during the later rule of\u00a0<\/span>Uthman ibn Affan<\/span><\/a><\/span>, wanted Uthman to be more strict with his governors, saying, “I adjure you by God, do you know that Mu’awiyah was more afraid of Umar than was Umar’s own servant Yarfa?”<\/span>[112]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n