{"id":112351,"date":"2019-10-23T03:29:43","date_gmt":"2019-10-23T03:29:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=112351"},"modified":"2019-10-20T10:33:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-20T10:33:51","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%9b-%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%af-%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%da%a9-%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/af.dawatmedia24.com\/?p=112351","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647\u061b \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0644\u0646\u0689\u064a\u0632:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

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\u0622\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

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Abstract:\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

Metaphor: a device of cognition\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

A metaphor is the expression of an understanding of one concept in terms of another concept, where there is some similarity or correlation between the two. a metaphor is the understanding itself of one concept in terms of another.<\/p>\n

The perception of metaphor has changed significantly since the end of the 20th century. Metaphor is no longer considered to be a purely literary trope, and the boundaries of its usage have shifted greatly. Lakoff and Johnson(1980) were the pioneers in ascribing completely new characteristics to metaphor and changing its overall perception<\/p>\n

Metaphor as a cognitive-semantic device which is able to reveal intuitive mechanisms of the thinking process, thus filling the gaps in the sphere of logically objective human knowledge and opening the possibility to describe abstract concepts of the human mind in terms.<\/p>\n

We can distinguish three kinds of metaphors: structural, ontological and orientational.<\/p>\n

In ontological metaphors experiences are treated as concrete objects e.g. containers (I put a lot of energy into preparing decorations) . When we deal with them in such a way we can \u201crefer to them, categorize them, group them, and quantify them \u2013 and, by these means, reason about them\u201d (Lakoff 1980:25).<\/p>\n

The group of orientational metaphors is said to be connected with our orientation in space. Concepts are connected with physical orientation, for instance happiness is up (I\u2019m feeling up) and sadness is down (I\u2019m feeling down) (Lakoff1980:16).<\/p>\n

Structural metaphor is the most productive type of all conceptual metaphors. Thanks to these metaphors, complex and abstract experiences can be understood in terms of simpler and more concrete ones e.g. LOVE IS A JOURNEY. In Metaphors we live by Lakoff and Johnson state that \u2018the conceptual system is metaphorical in nature\u2019 (1980:4). What does it mean, how can it structure the world we live in and how does it influence our activities? Let us take LOVE IS FIRE metaphor as an example.<\/p>\n

My heart is on fire.<\/p>\n

\u0661- \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0647<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

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\u0662- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0631:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648: \u062a\u0628\u06d0 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u06a9\u06d0 \u06a9\u067c \u0645\u067c \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062f \u0628\u0644\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u0649\u00a0\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0693\u064a\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06d0 \u0648\u064a.(\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u060c\u00a0 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f2)\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u0648 \u0631\u063a\u069a\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0649\u00a0\u0627\u0648 \u062f \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0628\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631\u06d0\u00a0\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647.\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0632(\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0693\u064a\u06a9\u06d0) \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u064a\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f\u0647 (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980).\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0693\u0649 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647\u00a0\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0633\u0631\u0628\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u00a0\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u06cd \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0634\u0644\u0645\u06d0 \u067e\u06d0\u0693\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0681\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a.\u0685\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u06ab\u0689 \u0646\u0648\u0645(\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645) \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0685\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061f \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0693 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a.\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u062f \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062b\u0631 (Metaphors we live by)\u00a0\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0634\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0647.\u062f \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0685\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0693 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627: \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0645\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u067c \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u06d0.\u064a\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u064a \u062f \u0645\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0649<\/p>\n

\u0685\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u06d0\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0633\u062a\u0646\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0633 \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u0681\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647<\/p>\n

\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a.(Lakoff & Johnson, 1980: 44)<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0\u060c \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0627\u0693\u064a\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06d0\u0656 \u0627\u0693\u064a\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06d0 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u064a.\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u06a9\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u062d\u0633\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0681\u0627\u0649 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0648\u0693 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627: \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u06ab\u06d0 \u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0634 \u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u062c\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u069a\u064a\u064a.(\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06f9)<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0649.\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0647.\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u067c \u062f \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0648\u0693 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.\u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u063a\u0648\u064a \u064a\u06d0\u061b \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627: \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0649.\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0648\u0693 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u062f \u0634\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0685\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u06ab\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u06d0\u0698\u062f\u06d0 \u0634\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0693 \u062a\u06d0\u0631 \u0634\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u201c\u0645\u0648\u067c\u0631\u201d\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0685\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u067c \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0646\u06d0\u0698\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06d0 \u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0634\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u201c\u0645\u0648\u067c\u0631\u201d \u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0681\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0685\u064a\u0632 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645(\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0646\u06d0\u0698\u062f\u06d0\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0693 \u062a\u06d0\u0631 \u0634\u0648) \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u063a\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0646 \u0685\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0693\u064a(Lakoff & Johnson, 1980: 41):<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u0681 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0681 \u0645\u0631\u06ab \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0646\u06d0\u0698\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u064a\u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u064a \u067e\u06d0\u0693\u06cd \u067e\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u0696\u0648\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0633\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0685\u0627\u067e\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u064a\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u064a \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u2026.\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d0\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u06ab\u0689 \u062f\u064a\u061b \u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u067c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a.\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u067c \u06a9\u0648\u064a.\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062c\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649Typology\u00a0 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u067e\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06ab\u0689 \u067c\u06a9\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u06ab\u0689\u0648 \u067c\u06a9\u064a\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647.\u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f \u0641\u0636\u0627\u00a0\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u067c \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0648\u069a\u0649 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0649.\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u067c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0648\u0693 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u0647 \u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u061b \u0633\u0631\u0686\u064a\u0646\u0647: \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06d0 \u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0647\u061b \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647\u00a0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0686\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0685\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cd \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647\u061b \u06f1 \u0628\u06bc\u0647:(Evans & Green, 2006: 308)<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u062a\u0693\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u06ab\u0647 \u06ab\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0685\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a.\u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u06d0 \u064a\u0627 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u0689\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u0631\u0686\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u064a\u06a9\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693 \u062f\u0649.\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u06d0 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u0689\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u062a\u0693\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u069a\u0648\u064a.( \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f9\u060c \u06f1\u06f2\u06f5)<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u061f \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0634\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0648 \u064a\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06d0 \u0689\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0(\u06f1\u06f9\u06f8\u06f0) \u0631\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0662-\u06f1- \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0632\u06d0<\/b>\u00a0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0:<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0647\u063a\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u064a.\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0\u060c \u0645\u062e\u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0644\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u2026\u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a.(Lakoff & Johnson, 1980: 16).\u0685\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0685\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0648\u069a\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u069a\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u064a \u064a\u0627 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u063a\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u067c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u2026\u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0648\u0693 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627: \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0686\u06d0 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u064a\u06d0 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u067c\u064a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0644\u06d0 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u067c\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u064a\u06d0 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0648\u064a\u061b \u0646\u0648 \u201d\u0689\u06d0\u0631\u201d \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0693 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628 \u201d\u06a9\u0645\u201d \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u067c\u064a\u067c \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a.\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0686\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062e\u062a\u06ab \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u061b \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648: \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648\u061b \u0631\u0646\u06ab \u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u0648\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u067c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0648.\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a.\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u06d0\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u06d0\u0693\u06cd \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u06d0\u0693\u06cd \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0648 \u0628\u0647:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u06d0\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u0631 \u0648\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u06ab\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0647<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u067c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0662-\u06f2- \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/b>\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u06ab\u0647 \u06ab\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u067c \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0685\u064a\u0632 \u06ab\u06bc\u0648.\u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u201c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u201d \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u064a\u067c \u06a9\u0693.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0648\u0698\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u064a\u0648.<\/p>\n

(\u067e\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0631: \u06f2\u06f6)<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06ab\u06bc\u06d0 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u064a.\u067e\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631\u06d0 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0:<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u067c\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0693 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0693 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/p>\n

\u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0649<\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n

\u2026\u2026\u2026.<\/p>\n

\u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0627 \u062f \u064a\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648<\/p>\n

\u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0685\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u201c\u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u201d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0649.\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u064a\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u0648 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06a9\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0681\u0627\u0649 \u064a\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u064a.\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u064a.\u062f \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u0634\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a.\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0693\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a.\u067e\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0685\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0646\u06ab \u0645\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e\u062a\u06ab \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u0648 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632(\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0647) \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u062e \u062d\u0630\u0641\u06d0\u0696\u064a.\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062c\u0632 \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u00a0\u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0646\u06ab \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u06a9\u0631\u06cd \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0693\u06d0<\/i>\u061b \u06a9\u06a9\u0631\u06cd \u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/p>\n

\u0633\u067e\u064a\u0646\u0647\u00a0<\/i>\u0645\u0627\u06bc\u06cd \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0\u2026.\u061b \u0633\u067e\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u06bc\u06cd \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0627 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u06d0\u069a\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u064a\u0648(\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648) \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0644\u0648\u069a\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a.\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u063a\u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0685\u064a\u0632\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u06ab\u0647 \u06ab\u0648\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644(\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d0) \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u067e\u06d0\u069a\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0649 \u0644\u0631\u064a(\u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a) \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d0 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0647 (\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647) \u062f \u067c\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u064a\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u06ab\u0647 \u06ab\u0648\u0631\u0648\u061b \u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648:<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u064a\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0628\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0.(\u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u069a\u0649 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0693\u064a) \u064a\u0627: \u062a\u0647 \u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0681\u06d0\u061f(\u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0685\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0649).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627 \u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647( \u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0685\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a)<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u0649 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648( \u067e\u0627\u0649 \u064a\u0648 \u0685\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0646\u063a\u0627\u0693\u064a)<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u0689\u06d0 \u0648\u0634\u0648\u06d0(\u0645\u0646\u0689\u06d0 \u062f \u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d0 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0627 \u064a\u0627 \u067c\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a)<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0649 \u0686\u067c\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0689\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0627\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0647.(\u0686\u067c\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0689\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f\u064a)<\/p>\n

\u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d0 \u0648\u0648\u0648\u062a(\u0681\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u063a\u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0649 \u0685\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0649)<\/p>\n

(Lakoff & Johnson, 1980: 34)<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0649 \u0634\u0648:<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0693\u0645\u061b \u064a\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u064a\u0648 \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0681\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0631\u0681\u06d0\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n

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    \n
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    \u0663- \u067e\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0647:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

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    \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0648\u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u0648.\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0647\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0647\u063a\u0633\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0693 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

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    \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/b>:<\/b><\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. Transformational-generative<\/a><\/li>\n
    2. Primitive<\/li>\n
    3. Conceptual Domain<\/li>\n
    4. Conceptual Metaphor<\/li>\n
    5. Metonymy<\/li>\n
    6. Cognitive linguistics<\/li>\n
    7. Cognitive Sciences<\/li>\n
    8. Space<\/li>\n
    9. Source domain<\/li>\n
    10. Target domain<\/li>\n
    11. Mapping<\/li>\n
    12. Orientational Metaphors<\/li>\n
    13. Ontological Metaphors<\/li>\n
    14. Synecdoche<\/li>\n
    15. Container<\/li>\n
    16. Structural<\/li>\n
    17. Propositional<\/li>\n
    18. Systematicity<\/li>\n
    19. Highlighting & hiding<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0627\u062e\u0681\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0649.\u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f4.\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0649 \u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0649. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0649- \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0649\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06f3\u06f5\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n
      2. \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.\u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f7.\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646(\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u067e). \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0681\u0649: \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644<\/li>\n
      3. \u06ab\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0647. \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f1. \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0649.\u06f4 (\u06f3)http:\/\/icssjournal.ir\/aritcle-1-576-fa.html<\/a><\/li>\n
      4. \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e.\u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f3.\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0649. \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06ab\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n
      5. \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0647.\u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f6.\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u064a\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641.\u0627\u062f\u0628 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0649.\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f6: \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06ab\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633\u0649<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        4- Lakoff, G. Lecture: Cascade Theory: Embodied Cognition and Language from a Natural Perspective. Youtube. 22 Oct 2013:\u00a0https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XWYaoAoijdQgfeature=share<\/a><\/p>\n

        5-\u00a0Lakoff, G.& Johnson, M. (1980),\u00a0Metaphors We Live By<\/i>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.<\/p>\n

        6-\u00a0Minsky, M. 1980. A framework for representing knowledge. In D. Metzing (Ed.), Frame<\/p>\n

        conceptions and text understanding (pp. 1-25). New York: Gruyter.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u0644\u0646\u0689\u064a\u0632: \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u0696\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0693\u064a\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u064a \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a \u067e\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0698\u0628\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u064a\u0648\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0627\u06e4\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":94668,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[1129],"class_list":["post-112351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-20","tag-1129"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647\u061b \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0647 - 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