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Association<\/strong><strong>) \u0632\u0646\u0681\u064a\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0627 \u0633\u06d0<\/strong><strong>\u06af<\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0646\u067c\u0644 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0689\u0648\u0644\u0648 (\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9) \u0648\u06d0\u0634\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a.<\/strong> <strong>\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cd<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0685\u067e\u06d0 \u0632\u0693\u06cc \u0648<\/strong><strong>\u06af<\/strong><strong>\u0631\u0681\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0685\u067e\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u067c\u064a\u06a9\u0633<\/strong> <strong>\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 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(<\/strong><strong> s, z, k, g, l, m, n, r, w, jy<\/strong> <strong>\u2026<\/strong><strong>. \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0631 \u0685\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u069a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a. \u0627\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u061b \u0646\u0648 \u0685\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0648\u061f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>wj<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong> \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696 <\/strong><strong>\u064a<\/strong><strong>\u06d0 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0647\u06d0\u0685\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0685\u067e\u0647 <\/strong>\u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u0647\u06d0\u0685\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f \u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0646\u0689\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0647\u06d0\u0685\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u064a\u06d0 \u0648\u0644\u0631\u0644\u0648\u061b \u0646\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u062e\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u063a\u0696 \u0634\u0648. \u062f \u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u067c\u064a\u06a9\u0633 \u0646\u0693\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a <strong>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (<\/strong><strong>Approximants<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062e\u0646\u0689\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u067c \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0626\u060c \u0686\u06d0 <strong>\u062f (<\/strong><strong>yj<\/strong><strong>) \u063a\u0696<\/strong> \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u06d0\u0633\u067c \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062f \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (\u063a\u0696) \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062f \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u064a\u064a\u0632 \u063a\u0696 \u062f\u06cc. \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f <strong>(<\/strong><strong>w<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> \u063a\u0696 \u0686\u06d0 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06ab\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u063a\u0696 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062f \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u063a\u0696 \u062f\u06cc (\u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u063a\u0696 \u062f\u06cc!).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u062e\u0648 \u0645\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u0627\u06ab\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0627 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u064a\u0648 \u0685\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0645\u062e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u06d0 \u064a\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0644\u060c \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u061b \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u067e\u0633\u06d0 <strong>\u0646\u069a\u062a\u06cc \u062f (<\/strong><strong>w\/j<\/strong><strong>) \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u06ab\u0632\u06d0\u0645\u0646\u067c\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a\u061b \u0646\u0648 \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0685\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0644\u0696 \u062e\u0646\u0689\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u063a\u0696 \u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9 <strong>\u063a\u0696 \u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u063a\u0696 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632\u0645\u0646\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f <\/strong><strong>\u064a<\/strong><strong>\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u0644\u06a9\u0647: \u0645\u0646\u06ab\u06cc [<\/strong><strong>mangaj<\/strong><strong>]\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u06d0\u0685\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u061b \u0646\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0646\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0648.\u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u0627<\/strong><strong>\u064a<\/strong><strong>\u0645\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f (<\/strong><strong>w\/j<\/strong><strong>) \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f (<\/strong><strong>\u027b<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u0279<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u028b<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u0270<\/strong><strong>) \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u063a\u0696 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u067e\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0693<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\u0648<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong>\u061b \u0646\u0648 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u063a\u0696 \u0628\u06d0\u0648<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc. <\/strong><strong>)) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u062f \u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0693\u0647<\/p>\n<p>: \u00a0\u0647\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0685\u06a9 \u062f \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f <strong>\u0634\u06d0\u0646\u00a0 (<\/strong><strong>Sanford A. Schane<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> \u062f ((\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0698\u064a)) \u0646\u069a\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u062b\u0631) \u062a\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0693\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 <strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 (<\/strong><strong>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f1<\/strong><strong>\u0644)<\/strong> \u0648\u0693\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0647 \u064a\u06d0\u00a0 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06d0\u00a0 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0644\u064a\u06a9\u064a (\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628) \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06af\u0647\u00a0 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0647\u00a0 \u06af\u067c\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u06d0\u0633\u062a\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627 \u064a\u06d0 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u06cc (\u0647\u0636\u0645)\u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u0648\u0648.\u067e\u0631\u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0628\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06af\u00a0 \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0648\u0644.\u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u0685\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u069a\u0627\u062f \u062f \u0644\u0648\u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u06a9\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06af\u0693\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u06d0\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0646\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u060c\u062e\u0648 \u062a\u0631 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0644\u064a\u06a9\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u0648\u064a\u0647 (\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631) \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0648 \u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06d0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u069a\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u060c<\/strong><strong> \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631 \u0647\u063a\u06d0 <\/strong><strong>\u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 <\/strong><strong>\u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u069a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0685\u06a9 \u062f \u0634\u06d0\u0646 (\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u064a\u060c \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u063a\u0696 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0647 <\/strong><strong>Articulatory phonetics<\/strong><strong>) \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0698\u0628\u0627\u0693\u06d0\u060c <\/strong><strong>\u062f \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 (\u0627\u064a\u0633\u06d0\u06a9\u0633) \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u06af\u0689 \u0646\u069a\u064a\u0631 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>[A Course in Phonology1999and 2000, by Iggy Roca and Wyn Johnson University of Essex]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0648<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\u06f2\u06f6\u06f9<\/strong><strong>) \u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0681\u063a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u0648\u0647 \u060c<\/strong>\u062e\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0644\u0633\u0648 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06af\u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u00a0 \u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0631\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u069a\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u0627\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0648\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cd \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647\u00a0 \u0634\u067e\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u06d0 \u0647\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u060c \u062f \u062f\u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u067e\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u062c\u0627\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648\u00a0 \u067e\u0627\u064a\u0644\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u06d0\u062f\u0648:<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f <strong>\u0634\u06d0\u0646 (<\/strong><strong>Sanford A. Schane<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong> \u067e\u0647<\/strong> \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648 \u0685\u0631\u06af\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 ((\u0681\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0648)) \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0. \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0\u00a0 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0648\u0627 \u0648\u06d0\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0693\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647\u00a0 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u063a\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0693\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06af\u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u06d0\u060c\u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0696 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646) \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u064a\u064a \u06a9\u0686 \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0689\u0648\u0644\u060c\u062e\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u0632\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0647 (\u0641\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u06d0\u06a9\u0633) \u06a9\u06d0\u00a0 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0648 \u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc- \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0693\u0646\u06af \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u063a\u0696\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0681 \u0631\u0627\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u06f1<\/strong><strong>&#8211; \u062f (<\/strong><strong>w<\/strong><strong>) \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06af\u06d0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u0648\u0627\u069a\u060c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0632\u060c\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0648\u0644\u00a0 \u0648\u0644\u060c\u0648\u0693 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0648\u0693\u060c \u0632\u0693\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0632\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0693\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0693\u060c&#8230;\u061b <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u06f2<\/strong><strong>-\u062f (<\/strong><strong>y<\/strong><strong>) \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06af\u06d0\u060c\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c\u064a\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0648 (\u064a\u0648\u0648-\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0647)\u060c\u064a\u0646\u0647 (\u0681\u064a\u06af\u0631)\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647 (\u0645\u0639\u0634\u0648 \u0642\u0647) \u064a\u0645\u0627\u060c\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0\u060c\u0644\u06af\u064a\u0627&#8230;\u061b: \u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0648\u060c\u064a\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0693\u060c\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0631 (\u0639\u064a\u0628)\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u060c \u0648\u0693\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c&#8230;\u061b <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0645- \u062f\u0647\u0645\u0631\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u063a\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0693\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0633\u067e\u06bc\u0648\u0646\u062c (\u0641\u0648\u0646\u06d0\u062a\u064a\u06a9\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646) \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0681\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u06f1<\/strong><strong>-(<\/strong><strong>w<\/strong><strong>) \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0646\u0689-\u0648 (<\/strong><strong>o,u<\/strong><strong>)\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u060c\u0644\u06a9\u0647: (\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0647<\/strong><strong>\u2202<\/strong><strong>ow<\/strong><strong>) \u067e\u0647 (\u0648\u0648\u0631\u06cd<\/strong><strong>y<\/strong><strong>\u2202<\/strong><strong>,owr<\/strong><strong>\u2202<\/strong><strong>ow<\/strong><strong> ) \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u00a0 (\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0645- \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0645 <\/strong><strong>m<\/strong><strong>\u2202<\/strong><strong>uw<\/strong><strong> ) \u0627\u0648 (\u0648\u0648- \u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f <\/strong><strong>uw<\/strong><strong>) \u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0647 <\/strong><strong>uw<\/strong><strong>) \u06a9\u06d0\u061b <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u06f2<\/strong><strong>-(<\/strong><strong>y<\/strong><strong>)\u00a0 \u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0646\u06af\u0648 (<\/strong><strong>e,i<\/strong><strong>) \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644 (<\/strong><strong>\u2202<\/strong><strong>)\u00a0 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0647<\/strong> <strong>(\u0648\u0627\u064a\u06d0 <\/strong><strong>w<\/strong><strong>\u0101ye<\/strong><strong>)\u060c(\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a <\/strong><strong>w<\/strong><strong>\u0101yi<\/strong><strong>)\u00a0 \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0645 (<\/strong><strong>m<\/strong><strong>\u2202<\/strong><strong>y<\/strong><strong>)-<\/strong> <strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0647 (<\/strong><strong>na<\/strong><strong>\u2202<\/strong><strong>y<\/strong><strong>) \u06a9\u06d0.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (\u0632:<\/strong><strong>\u06f3<\/strong><strong>&#8211; \u067e\u069a\u0648\u064a\u0647 <\/strong><strong>\u06f2\u06f8<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u06f2\u06f9<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u06d0\u064a\u0645-\u00a0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u063a\u0696\u0647 \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0631\u0646\u06af\u0648 <\/strong>\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0693\u06cd\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0622\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u069a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a <strong>\u06f5<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u06f5<\/strong> \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06af\u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u062a\u0647\u00a0 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<\/strong><strong>xw<\/strong><strong>\u1e5b-in<\/strong><strong>).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 <\/strong>(-\u06cc -y) \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u063a\u0648\u0646\u0689\u0648\u0646\u0647<strong>\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0647 \u063a\u0693\u064a\u0632\u060c\u0644\u06a9\u0647(<\/strong><strong>ty<\/strong><strong>)-)<\/strong> \u062f ((\u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648)) \u067e\u0647 \u0632\u0631\u0645\u062a\u064a\u060c\u0634\u06d0\u0644\u06af\u0631\u064a&#8230; \u0681\u06d0\u0644(\u067e\u069a\u062a\u064a\u0648<strong>(<\/strong><strong>p<\/strong><strong>\u2202<\/strong><strong>x<\/strong><strong>\u030c-<\/strong><strong> ty-<\/strong><strong>\u1e53<\/strong><strong>)\u06a9\u06d0\u061b <\/strong><strong>\u0647\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c<\/strong><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0648\u069a\u062a\u06d0 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u06af\u0693\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u067e\u0627\u064a\u0644\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06af\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647: (<\/strong><strong>-ly-<\/strong><strong>) \u067e\u0647 \u069a\u0627 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u060c\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0644\u064a\u0648\u061b(<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u1e5by-<\/strong><strong>) \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u06af\u0693\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0693\u064a\u0648\u060c <\/strong><strong>\u0698\u0648\u064a\u0648\u060c<\/strong><strong> \u0648\u0693\u064a\u0648\u060c\u0634\u0693\u064a\u0648&#8230;\u061b \u0644\u0647 (<\/strong><strong>w<\/strong><strong>) \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u06af\u0689\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06af\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0\u060c\u062f\u0648\u0647 \u063a\u0693\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0696 \u064a\u060c\u0644\u06a9\u0647: (<\/strong><strong>wy-<\/strong><strong>) \u067e\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627<\/strong><strong>\u062f(\u064a\u0648) \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u062a\u06cc<\/strong> (\u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647) \u064a\u0648\u0685\u067e\u064a\u0632 \u0681\u06d0\u0644 (\u064a\u0648\u0647 <strong>\u2202<\/strong><strong>yw-<\/strong>) \u06a9\u06d0.<strong>. .\u061b \u064a\u0627 <\/strong><strong>\u062f\u0631\u06d0\u063a\u0693\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u06d0\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 ( <\/strong><strong>dwy-<\/strong><strong>) \u067e\u0647 (\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0648 <\/strong><strong>dwy-<\/strong><strong>\u1e53<\/strong><strong> \u064a\u0627(<\/strong><strong>wry-<\/strong><strong>) \u062f(\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0681) \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0685\u067e\u064a\u0632 \u0681\u06d0\u0644 (<\/strong><strong>wry-<\/strong><strong>\u00e8<\/strong><strong>j<\/strong><strong>) \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0633\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0631.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0689\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u06cc (\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u064a\u0631\u06cc)<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f (<strong>w,y<\/strong>)\u060c \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0628\u0631\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06af\u0647 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u06af\u0689\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0693\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0648\u06d0\u00a0 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u06d0\u064a\u0645\u06d0 \u0632\u0646\u0681\u064a\u0631\u064a-\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06cd (\u06a9\u062a\u06d0\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cd) \u064a\u0627\u0646\u06d0 ((\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648)) \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06af\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0\u00a0 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0\u00a0 \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0689\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0646\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0648 (\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648) \u0632\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc- \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u063a\u0696\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0647\u0645\u063a\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u06d0\u062a\u064a\u06a9\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u00a0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a (\u0631\u06d0\u0644\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633) \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u064a\u00a0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062e\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0632\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u0648\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u06f1<\/strong><strong>&#8211; \u06a9\u0647 (<\/strong><strong>w<\/strong><strong>) \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0646\u06af\u0648 (\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u064a\u0628\u0648)\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0647\u0645\u0631\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 (<\/strong><strong>o,u<\/strong><strong>) \u064a\u0627 \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 (<\/strong><strong>b,p<\/strong><strong>) \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0693\u06cd \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u063a\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc (<\/strong><strong>labialisation<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u060c\u062e\u0648 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0681\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0696\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06cd \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0696 (<\/strong><strong>relevant sound<\/strong><strong>) \u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u067c\u06a9\u0648\u060c\u064a\u0648\u0681\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0693\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u0681\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0627\u0632(\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0645) \u064a\u0627\u0646\u06d0 (\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627\u06a9)\u06af\u06bc\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u061b <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u06f2<\/strong><strong>&#8211; \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0632 (<\/strong><strong>y<\/strong><strong>)\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0646\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 (<\/strong><strong>e,i<\/strong><strong>) \u064a\u0627 \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 (<\/strong><strong>\u010d<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u0161<\/strong><strong>\u2026<\/strong><strong>) \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0693\u06cd \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0693\u06cd \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u063a\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc (<\/strong><strong>pre-palatalisation<\/strong> <strong>\u00a0\u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u063a\u06d0 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0696\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u063a\u0696\u064a\u0696 \u0627\u0631\u0696\u069a\u062a (<\/strong><strong>relevance<\/strong><strong>) \u00a0\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u067c \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0693\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u0681\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0627\u0632 (\u0632\u06d0\u06af\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0645) \u064a\u06d0 \u0628\u0644\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0645- \u062f \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0631\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0693\u06cd\u060c \u062f\u2190 <strong>\u06f5<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u06f5<\/strong> \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06af\u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0693\u0648 \u064a\u0627 \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06af\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u06f1-\u00a0 \u06a9\u0647 (w) \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u06af\u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0631 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0646\u06af\u0648 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\u0644\u064a\u06a9\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0693\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0685\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u062e \u0644\u06af\u0648\u064a\u061b <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0696\u0648 (\u06a9\u0644\u0633\u067c\u0631\u0648)\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0693\u06a9\u06d0<\/strong> <strong>\u00a0\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0689\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u067c\u064a\u067e\u064a\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0647:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0632\u062f\u06a9\u0693\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647\u00a0 \u067e\u0631 <\/strong><strong>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f3\u06f8<\/strong><strong>\u0644. ((\u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631)) \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0685\u067e\u064a\u0632(<\/strong><strong>ziar<\/strong><strong>)\u00a0 \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0647\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0685\u067e\u064a\u0632 (<\/strong><strong>Zyar<\/strong><strong>) \u0631\u0627\u0627\u0693\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u06a9 (<\/strong><strong>Zy<\/strong><strong>\u0101<\/strong><strong>r<\/strong><strong>) \u06a9\u0693! <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c\u062f \u0627\u064a\u0633\u06d0\u06a9\u0633 (<\/strong><strong>Essex<\/strong><strong>) \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 (\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 <\/strong><strong>\u06f2\u06f6\u06f8<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u06f2\u06f6\u06f9<\/strong><strong>)\u00a0 \u062f \u062f \u0648\u064a\u0646\u06af \u063a\u0681\u06d0\u062f\u0627 \u062f \u062e\u0631\u062e\u0634\u06d0 \u062f \u0644\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647\u060c\u062f (<\/strong><strong>w<\/strong><strong>)\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648(<\/strong><strong>o,u<\/strong><strong>) <\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0648 \u062f (<\/strong><strong>y<\/strong><strong>) \u062f \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0646\u06af\u0648 (<\/strong><strong>e,i<\/strong><strong>) \u062f \u069a\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u06d0\u062a\u064a\u06a9\u064a \u0633\u06d0\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0634\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06d0\u067e\u0634\u0646 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647\u00a0 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648 \u062f \u0644\u0646\u0689\u0648 \u0628\u06bc\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06af \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0<\/strong> <strong>\u067e\u0647\u00a0 \u0646\u0693\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0685\u06d0 (<\/strong><strong>IPA<\/strong><strong>)\u06a9\u06d0 \u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u064a:<\/strong> <strong>\u062f(<\/strong><strong>u,o<\/strong><strong>) \u0627\u0648 (<\/strong><strong>e,i<\/strong><strong>) \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0631 (\u063a\u0693\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a) \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u069a\u064a\u00a0 \u064a\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06d0 !<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u063a\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0647 \u064a\u064a (<\/strong><strong>w,y<\/strong><strong>) \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0632\u06d0\u0696(\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f)\u00a0 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u060c \u067e\u060c\u062f\u060c\u0689\u060c\u062a\u060c\u067c\u060c \u06af\u060c\u06a9 \u062a\u0645 (\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc) \u062f\u064a\u00a0 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647 (\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u060c\u0646\u060c \u06bc) \u067e\u0632\u064a\u0632 (\u063a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u06d0) \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0627 (\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u060c)\u0627\u0693\u062e\u064a\u0632 \u061b \u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f (<\/strong><strong>articulation<\/strong><strong>) \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647\u00a0 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a <\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong>Approximant<\/strong><strong>) \u063a\u0696\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 (\u0648\u0627\u0648\u06d0\u0644\u0648)\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u06cc! <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0693\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0696\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0685\u06d0 (<\/strong><strong>\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0<\/strong><strong>\u0632)\u00a0 \u064a\u06d0 \u0647\u0645\u00a0 \u067e\u0631\u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0<\/strong>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u06f1<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong> (\u0648w) \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0632<strong>\u063a\u0696\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689\u064a\u0632-\u0646\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0632 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Viced labial-velar <\/strong><strong>approximant<\/strong> <strong>(<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648 (\u06cc y) \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0632 <strong>\u063a\u0696\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u0689\u064a\u0632-\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0632(\u064a\u0627\u0646\u06d0\u00a0 \u0632\u064a\u0696 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0632)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Viced labial-palatal<\/strong><strong> approximant<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06af\u0647\u060c \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u069a\u0627\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u06d0 \u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0698\u062f\u06d0 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0648 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u00a0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u063a\u0696\u0647 \u064a\u0627\u063a\u0696\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646\u00a0 \u0644\u0631\u064a.\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0685\u0646\u06af\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0689\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0693\u0646\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0685\u0647 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0685\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0689\u06d0 \u0641\u0648 \u0646\u06d0\u062a\u064a\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u06a9\u064a \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0693\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06a9 \u0648 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0648 \u0627\u06a9 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 <\/strong>\u00a0<strong>\u062f \u0632\u0646\u0681\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u0631\u06d0\u064a\u0645\u06d0\u00a0 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0693\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06cd (\u06a9\u062a\u06d0\u06af\u0648\u0631\u064a)\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06af\u0647 \u064a\u06d0\u060c <\/strong>\u067e\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0648 \u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u00a0 <strong>\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u06d0 \u064a\u0648\u06d0 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u06d0 \u067e\u06d0\u0693\u06cd \u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0633\u06d0\u00a0 \u0644\u0647\u00a0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u064e\u0646\u06d0 (\u062a\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d)\u00a0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627\u06a9 (<\/strong><strong>Semi-Vowels<\/strong><strong>)\u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0627 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u0628\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u06a9 (<\/strong><strong>Semi-Consonants<\/strong><strong>) \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0 <\/strong>\u062f \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 (<strong>\u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647<\/strong>)\u00a0 \u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0696\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0686\u06d0 \u00a0\u062f (\u0646\u0648\u06d0- \u06a9\u0631\u0647) \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u0646\u06af \u062f \u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 (\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a) \u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u00a0 \u064a\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06d0\u0632\u064a-\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a-\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0693\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0627 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u069a\u06a9\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0681\u0646\u06d0 ((\u06af\u0689\u0648\u0644\u0647)) \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 !<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u062f\u063a\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0646\u0648( \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f (\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a) \u067e\u0631 <strong>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f3\u06f6<\/strong>\u0644. \u0627\u06d0\u069a\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u0631\u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u060c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0627\u06a9\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062e \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u062f ((\u064a\u0648\u06d0- \u06a9\u0631\u0647- \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0646\u06cd \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648)) \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u064a\u0645 \u067e\u06d0\u0693\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0631\u0647\u00a0 \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0648 \u0685\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0644\u06cd \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u062f \u0645\u062e\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 ((\u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648- \u062f\u0631\u064a)) \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u06a9\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u06d0\u062f\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u060c 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